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🚩 Alfonso VI’s steady expansion and incorporation of Taifas into his realm provoked a reaction from the Almoravids. Commanded by Yusuf ibn Tashfin, the Almoravid army met Alfonso force near Badajos. A victory for the Christians would break the last significant Muslim resistance and enable complete conquest of Iberia. A victory for the Muslims would stop and reverse the Reconquista.
🚩 Big thanks to Srpske Bitke for their collaboration on this video: https://www.youtube.com/@SrpskeBitke
📢 Narrated by David McCallion
📝 Research and writing: Damien Peters
📚 Sources: Abd al-Wahid al Marrakushi – Account of the Battle of Zallaca, taken from “Christians and Moors in Spain” – Retrieved from https://deremilitari.org/2013/11/the-battle-of-zallaqa-1086/ David Nicholle & Angus McBride – El Sid and the Spanish Reconquista, 1050-1492 John France – Western Warfare in the Age of the Crusades, 1000-1300 Ian Heath – Armies of Feudal Europe, 1066-1300 Joseph F. O’Callaghan – Reconquest and Crusade in Medieval Spain Joseph F. O’Callaghan – The Latin Chronicle of the Kings of Castile Richard Fletcher – Moorish Spain
We are Europe’s gateway to space. Our mission is to shape the development of Europe’s space capability and ensure that investment in space continues to deliver benefits to the citizens of Europe and the world. Check out https://www.esa.int/ to get up to speed on everything space related.
Africa este legată încă de perioada colonială, fie economic, fie prin ricoșeu simbolic. Construcțiile naționale identitare sunt un proces în derulare, cu sincope și erori de parcurs. Persistă disonanța dintre organizarea etnică și religioasă, pe de o parte și cea statală, pe de altă parte.
Idealurile panafricane al părinților independenței născute în jurul ideii unui continent puternic politic și eficient economic, cu o identitate proprie, care au părut a fi fost date uitării în a doua parte a secolului al XX-lea sub presiunea orgoliilor liderilor politici preocupați de întărirea suveranității naționale au revenit mai actuale ca niciodată. Inițiativele de integrare regională – politică și economică – se diversifică și se perfecționează sub presiunea recompozițiilor geopolitice și ținând cont de noii poli de dezvoltare economică.
Manierele în care reacționează fostele state coloniale și Europa în general dau și ele seama despre această umbră a trecutului, despre această culpă supra-asumată (corectă politic). Și când își cer scuze, fostele metropole sunt excesive (retrocedarea bunurilor culturale este un exemplu). Migrația a adăugat la confuzie, ridicând ziduri noi în comunicarea UE-Africa.
Nu trebuie uitate noile procese: avansul economic al Chinei (și, parțial, al Turciei, Indiei și țărilor din Golf, pe partea religioasă radical-conservatoare) și cel religios al Rusiei (conflictul de competență a patriarhiei Rusiei cu aceea a Alexandriei). Provocările în lumea contemporană obligă la adaptări și reevaluări în procesele de poziționare a Africii (în numele continentului și/sau al statelor naționale) pe scena politică internațională. De pildă, iată votul Africii la ONU în chestiunea suspendării Rusiei din comisia drepturilor omului, cu doar 5 voturi africane pentru, puține abțineri, restul – împotrivă. Aici ajunși, desigur că există și o componentă legată de religiozitate radicală, de extremismul și terorismul care sunt găzduite, fie și parțial, de Africa.
Despre invitată
Simona Corlan-Ioan este conferențiar universitar doctor la Universitatea din București, Facultatea de Istorie. Este directorul fondator al Istitutului de Studii Africane al Universității din București (din 2017). DEA la EHESS Paris sub îndrumarea profesorului Elikia M’Bokolo, PhD la UB sub îndrumarea profesorului Lucian Boia.
A fost profesor invitat la universități din Grenoble și Pau (Franța), respectiv Casablanca și Rabat (Maroc).
A fost ambasador al României în Senegal (rezident la Dakar) și în alte cinci țări subsahariene (2006-2011), respectiv în Maroc și Mauritania (2011-2016).
A publicat mai multe lucrări individuale și collective, dintre care amintim “Inventarea Africii Negre. Călătorii în imaginarul european al secolului al XIX-lea”, Dacia, Cluj, 2001 și “Invention de Tombouctou. Histoires des récits occidentaux sur la ville pendant les XIXe- XXe siècles”, L’Harmattan, Paris, 2014.
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🚩 In Part 3 the war spreads to Anatolia, as Brutus and Cassius attempt to subdue Rhodes and Lycia. The events trigger the formation of the Second Triumvirate…
In this week’s edition of the Earth from Space programme, the Copernicus Sentinel-2 mission takes us over northwest Lesotho – a small, land-locked country surrounded entirely by South Africa.
We are Europe’s gateway to space. Our mission is to shape the development of Europe’s space capability and ensure that investment in space continues to deliver benefits to the citizens of Europe and the world. Check out https://www.esa.int/ to get up to speed on everything space related.
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In Part 2 we continue the story of Caesar Augustus with the battle of Mutina, an event that transformed Octavian into a major political player of Rome.
🚩 This video was produced in collaboration with my friend Hoc Est Bellum https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCl5m12RUvypT4e7w-mWrzsA I’m very happy to be working together on a new series with Hoc Est Bellum! Check out his channel and give him the credit that he deserves.
We are Europe’s gateway to space. Our mission is to shape the development of Europe’s space capability and ensure that investment in space continues to deliver benefits to the citizens of Europe and the world. Check out https://www.esa.int/ to get up to speed on everything space related.
We are Europe’s gateway to space. Our mission is to shape the development of Europe’s space capability and ensure that investment in space continues to deliver benefits to the citizens of Europe and the world. Check out https://www.esa.int/ to get up to speed on everything space related.
We are Europe’s gateway to space. Our mission is to shape the development of Europe’s space capability and ensure that investment in space continues to deliver benefits to the citizens of Europe and the world. Check out https://www.esa.int/ to get up to speed on everything space related.
We are Europe’s gateway to space. Our mission is to shape the development of Europe’s space capability and ensure that investment in space continues to deliver benefits to the citizens of Europe and the world. Check out http://www.esa.int/ESA to get up to speed on everything space related.
The Copernicus Sentinel-2 mission takes us over part of the Namib Desert, considered the oldest desert on Earth, in this week’s edition of the Earth from Space programme.
We are Europe’s gateway to space. Our mission is to shape the development of Europe’s space capability and ensure that investment in space continues to deliver benefits to the citizens of Europe and the world. Check out http://www.esa.int/ESA to get up to speed on everything space related.
The Copernicus Sentinel-2 mission takes us over Victoria Falls, one of the world’s greatest natural wonders, which lies along the course of the Zambezi River, in this week’s edition of the Earth from Space programme.
We are Europe’s gateway to space. Our mission is to shape the development of Europe’s space capability and ensure that investment in space continues to deliver benefits to the citizens of Europe and the world. Check out http://www.esa.int/ESA to get up to speed on everything space related.
Ahead of World Wetlands Day, celebrated internationally each year on 2 February, this week’s edition of the Earth from Space programme features a Copernicus Sentinel-2 image over Lake George in western Uganda. In 1988, Lake George was designated as Uganda’s first site under the Ramsar Convention – an international treaty for the conservation and sustainable use of wetlands.
We are Europe’s gateway to space. Our mission is to shape the development of Europe’s space capability and ensure that investment in space continues to deliver benefits to the citizens of Europe and the world. Check out http://www.esa.int/ESA to get up to speed on everything space related.
We are Europe’s gateway to space. Our mission is to shape the development of Europe’s space capability and ensure that investment in space continues to deliver benefits to the citizens of Europe and the world. Check out http://www.esa.int/ESA to get up to speed on everything space related.
Marking World Water Day, this week’s edition of the Earth from Space programme features Lake Chad at the southern edge of the Sahara, where water supplies are dwindling.
ESA is Europe’s gateway to space. Our mission is to shape the development of Europe’s space capability and ensure that investment in space continues to deliver benefits to the citizens of Europe and the world. Check out http://www.esa.int/ESA to get up to speed on everything space related.
The Copernicus Sentinel-2A satellite takes us over part of northeast Kenya – an area east of the East African Rift in this week’s edition of the Earth from Space programme.
ESA is Europe’s gateway to space. Our mission is to shape the development of Europe’s space capability and ensure that investment in space continues to deliver benefits to the citizens of Europe and the world. Check out http://www.esa.int/ESA to get up to speed on everything space related.
Since the very first module Zarya launched from Baikonur Cosmodrome on 20 November 1998, the International Space Station has delivered a whole new perspective on this planet we call home. Join us as we celebrate 20 years of international collaboration and research for the benefit of Earth with ESA astronaut Alexander Gerst’s longest timelapse yet.
In just under 15 minutes, this clip takes you from Tunisia across Beijing and through Australia in two trips around the world. You can follow the Station’s location using the map at the top right-hand-side of the screen alongside annotations on the photos themselves.
This timelapse comprises approximately 21 375 images of Earth all captured by Alexander from the International Space Station and shown 12.5 times faster than actual speed.
Music is Orbital Horizons, an original composition by Los Angeles-based musician Matt Piper.
Participate in further Space Station celebrations via social media using hashtag #SpaceStation20th.
ESA is Europe’s gateway to space. Our mission is to shape the development of Europe’s space capability and ensure that investment in space continues to deliver benefits to the citizens of Europe and the world. Check out http://www.esa.int/ESA to get up to speed on everything space related.
ESA is Europe’s gateway to space. Our mission is to shape the development of Europe’s space capability and ensure that investment in space continues to deliver benefits to the citizens of Europe and the world. Check out http://www.esa.int/ESA to get up to speed on everything space related.
A series of daytime photos were taken by ESA astronaut Paolo Nespoli from on board the International Space Station flying from Africa, to Italy and Russia to create this time-lapse of Earth.
ESA astronaut Paolo Nespoli in currently working and living on board the International Space Station as part of the Italian Space Agency’s long-duration VITA mission.
A series of day-time photos were taken by ESA astronaut Paolo Nespoli to create this time-lapse of Africa as seen from the Space Station.
ESA astronaut Paolo Nespoli in currently working and living aboard the International Space Station as part of the Italian Space Agency long duration VITA mission.
On 12 September 2017, 710 photos were taken by ESA astronaut Paolo Nespoli to create this time-lapse of the Earth (from Africa to Russia) as seen from the International Space Station.
ESA astronaut Paolo Nespoli in currently working and living aboard the Station as part of his long duration Vita mission.
Earth from Space is presented by Malì Cecere from the ESA Web-TV virtual studios. The one hundred eightieth edition features a Sentinel-3A image of the River Nile and surroundings.
Earth from Space is presented by Kelsea Brennan-Wessels from the ESA Web-TV virtual studios. Ahead of World Wetlands Day, a wetland of international importance in Sierra Leone is featured in the one hundred seventy-first edition.
Earth from Space is presented by Kelsea Brennan-Wessels from the ESA Web-TV virtual studios. In the one-hundred-fifteenth edition, discover this important water source for over 60 million people in Chad, Cameroon, Niger and Nigeria.
Earth from Space is presented by Kelsea Brennan-Wessels from the ESA Web-TV virtual studios. Explore Mount Kenya and the surrounding national park in the one-hundred-eighth edition.
Earth from Space is presented by Kelsea Brennan-Wessels from the ESA Web-TV virtual studios. Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania and the plains in southern Kenya are pictured in a false-colour image featured in the ninetieth edition.
Earth from Space is presented by Kelsea Brennan-Wessels from the ESA Web-TV virtual studios. The Virunga Mountains that stretch across Rwanda’s northern border with Uganda and east into the Democratic Republic of the Congo are featured in the seventy-third edition.
