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🚩 The Franks, led by Charles Martel, met the Muslim army commanded by Abd al-Rahman, the Umayyad governor of Spain, in early October 732 AD. Some have argued that this brief conflict influenced the fate of Christian civilization in Europe, while others see it as a simple border skirmish. The truth, it seems, lies somewhere in-between.
🚩 The pivotal Battle of Talas pitted the rapidly expanding Muslim armies against the forces of the Chinese Tang Dynasty. The outcome of the battle changed Central Asia for millennia to come.
📝 Sources: Bartold, Vasily (1928). Turkestan Down to the Mongol Invasion (Trans. T. Minorsky & C.E. Bosworth) Chen, Sanping (2012). Multicultural China in the Early Middle Ages Golden, Peter B. (1990). “The Kharakhanids and early Islam” in The Cambridge History of Early Inner Asia, vol. 1 (ed. Denis Sinor) Hoberman, Barry (Sept/Oct. 1982). “The Battle of Talas” in Aramco World, vol. 33 no. 5 Ibn al-Athir, Ali (ca. 1231) The Complete History Sima, Guang (1084). Zizhi Tongjian. Soucek, Svak (2000). A History of Inner Asia Starr, S. Frederick (2004). Xinjiang: China’s Muslim Borderland
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🚩 Big thanks to Srpske for their collaboration on this video: https://www.youtube.com/@SrpskeBitke 🚩 Big thanks to Dr. Byron Waldron for his research and writing for this video. If you want to learn more about Diocletian, check out his excellent book: https://amz.run/6cSm
📢 Narrated by David McCallion
📝 Written by Dr.Byron Waldron
🎼 Music: EpidemicSound.com Filmstro
📚 Sources: Ancient works consulted: Aurelius Victor’s Liber de Caesaribus, Epitome de Caesaribus, Eusebius’ Chronicon, Eutropius, Festus’ Breviarium, Historia Augusta, Malalas, Orosius, Peter the Patrician, Zonaras, Zosimus.
Ando, C. 2012: Imperial Rome AD 193 to 284: The Critical Century, Edinburgh.
Altmayer, K. 2014: Die Herrschaft des Carus, Carinus und Numerianus als Vorläufer der Tetrarchie. Historia Einzelschriften 230, Stuttgart.
De Blois, L. 2019: Image and Reality of Roman Imperial Power in the Third Century AD: The Impact of War, London.
Dodgeon, M. H. & S. N. C. Lieu. 1991: The Roman Eastern Frontier and the Persian Wars AD 226-363: A Documentary History, London & New York.
Edwell, P. 2021: Rome and Persia at War: Imperial Competition and Contact, 193-363 CE, Oxford & New York.
Kovács, P. 2011: The Battle of Margum or Where Emperor Carinus Died?, Acta Musei Napocensis 45-46/I, 2008-2009, 241-252.
Potter, D. S. 2014: The Roman Empire at Bay AD 180-395, 2nd ed., Oxford & New York.
Rose, C. B. 2021: Reconsidering the Frieze on the Arch of Constantine, JRA 1-36.
🚩In 450 AD, Attila the Hun invaded the West. By this time, the collapse of the Roman Empire was already 100 years in the making. But the famous general Aetius brought Rome back from the brink in the battle of the Catalaunian Plains, in 451 AD.
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📚 Sources: Cassius Dio, Roman History Diodorus Siculus, Library of History Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities Frontinus, Stratagems Livy, From the Founding of the City Polybius, Histories Zonaras, Epitome of Histories Bradley, G. 2020: Early Rome to 290 BC: The Beginnings of the City and the Rise of the Republic, Edinburgh. Cornell, T. 2017: ‘The “Samnite Wars,” 343-290 BC, in M. Whitby & H. Sidebottom (eds.), The Encyclopedia of Ancient Battles, Malden MA, Oxford & Chichester, West Sussex, 2.469-479. Forsyth, G. 2006: A Critical History of Early Rome: From Prehistory to the First Punic War, Berkeley. Oakley, S. P. 1997-2005: A Commentary on Livy, Books VI-X, Oxford.
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🚩 The Battle of Tifernum (297 BC) was an important battle of the Third Samnite War, fought between the Romans and the Samnites near the modern town of Città di Castello in central Italy. The outcome of this clash would lead to the decisive Battle of Sentinum in 295 BC…
📚 Sources: Cassius Dio, Roman History Diodorus Siculus, Library of History Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities Frontinus, Stratagems Livy, From the Founding of the City Polybius, Histories Zonaras, Epitome of Histories Bradley, G. 2020: Early Rome to 290 BC: The Beginnings of the City and the Rise of the Republic, Edinburgh. Cornell, T. 2017: ‘The “Samnite Wars,” 343-290 BC, in M. Whitby & H. Sidebottom (eds.), The Encyclopedia of Ancient Battles, Malden MA, Oxford & Chichester, West Sussex, 2.469-479. Forsyth, G. 2006: A Critical History of Early Rome: From Prehistory to the First Punic War, Berkeley. Oakley, S. P. 1997-2005: A Commentary on Livy, Books VI-X, Oxford.
🚩 The Battle of the Catalaunian Plains, (AD 451), battle fought between the Huns under Attila and a mixed Roman and Visigoth force under Aetius and Theodoric I; checked the Hunnic advance in Europe. The battle, long-remembered for its ferocity, resulted in Attila’s defeat, though the casualty figures in traditional accounts are probably exaggerated. The Huns’ defeat prevented the widespread destruction and spoliation of Gaul, but it is unlikely that Attila’s horde could have made any deep impression upon the Latin and urban character of the country.
🚩 I combined all parts of our “Battle of the Catalaunian Plains” mini-series for easier viewing. This video was chosen by my Patrons. Thank you so much for your likes and comments ❤️. If you enjoy my videos please consider subscribing.