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π Sources: Doukas β Historia Byzantina, Decline and Fall of Byzantium to the Ottoman Turks, trans. H.J. Magoulias (Detroit, 1975) Ahmed Ibn Arabshah β Tamerlane or Timur the Great Amir, trans J.H Sanders (London, 1936) Johann Schiltberger β The Bondage and Travels of Johann Schiltberger in Europe, Asia and Africa 1396-1427, trans. J. Buchan Telfer (London, 1879) Beatrice Forbes Manz β The Rise and Rule of Tamerlane, (Cambridge, 1989) Justin Marozzi β Tamerlane: Sword of Islam, Conqueror of the World, (Cambridge, 2006) Hilda Hookham β Tamburlaine the Conqueror, (London, 1962) Donald Nicol β The Last Centuries of Byzantium 1261 β 1453 second edition, (Cambridge, 1993) Halil Inalcik β The Ottoman Empire β The Classical Age, 1300-1600 (London, 1973) Erik Hildinger β Warriors of the Steppe: Military History of Central Asia, 500BC – 1700AD (New York, 1997)
The Eastern Roman Empire was under constant Ottoman pressure ever since the new conquerors appeared in the Anatolia. Although the Ottomans tried to take Constantinople on a number of occasions, they had to lift the siege of the city due to the Crusades of Varna and Nicopolis, the Timurid Invasion and the battle of Ankara, and the Interregnum period that happened after their Sultan Bayezid was taken hostage by Timur. However, after the victories at the battles of Varna (1444) and 2nd Kosovo (1448) against the crusaders of Wladyslaw III and John Hunyadi, the road to Constantinople was open and the new sultan Mehmed II set his sight on the city of the Roman emperors…
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π Sources:
A Military History of the Ottomans – Mesut Uyar
Tuchman (of course π)
David Nicolle – Nicopolis 1396, the Last Crusade
Runciman – A history of the Crusades