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🚩 Skanderbeg, a national hero of the Albanians, was the first to organize a league of Albanian princes, over which he was appointed commander in chief, in 1444. For twenty two years, in the period 1444-66, he effectively repulsed 13 Turkish invasions. His successful resistance to the Ottoman armies made him a hero throughout the Western world.
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🚩 I work with History Rhymes https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCD-0LPbxri4fSvd0UoisIfg on this series and am very happy with how it’s shaping up. We have 5 episodes completed and another 2 in the making. The 7 episodes in total will document the fascinating rule of Basil II and cover some of the key battles during his reign.
Separating the Black Sea and the Sea of Marmara, the Bosphorus strait is one of the busiest maritime passages in the world, with around 48 000 ships passing through every year. Daily traffic includes international commercial shipping vessels and oil tankers, as well as local fishing and ferries.
The two identical Copernicus Sentinel-1 satellites carry radar instruments, which can see through clouds and rain, and in the dark, to image Earth’s surface below. The multi-temporal remote sensing technique combines two or more radar images over the same area to detect changes occurring between acquisitions.
We are Europe’s gateway to space. Our mission is to shape the development of Europe’s space capability and ensure that investment in space continues to deliver benefits to the citizens of Europe and the world. Check out https://www.esa.int/ to get up to speed on everything space related.
🎄🎅🎄🎅🎄🎅 Many of you requested all parts of the Battle of Dara mini series be merged into one video. I thought it fitting to release it on New Year’s weekend. I’d like to thank all of you for your support! I feel blessed to have such a wonderful community here that has enabled me to do this full time. Huge thanks and much love to you all! I wish you a very Happy 2023! 🎄🎅🎄🎅🎄🎅
🚩 In the late 5th and early 6th centuries, there began a general ambition by the Byzantine hierarchy to restore the Empire’s territory back to the height of the Roman Empire from where it had evolved. Consequently a series of campaigns began across Italy, North Africa, the Balkans, and the Middle East, to rebuild the former glory. It should be noted that at this point in history, the enemies faced by the Byzantines were far more numerous and better organised than those that Rome had first faced centuries earlier. These were now the evolved enemies that had defeated Rome just 100-150 years earlier. Nevertheless, a Byzantine general by the name Belisarius would rise to the challenge…
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🚩 Battle of Maritsa (1371) proved to be the final nail in the coffin of the Serbian Empire, built by the Nemanjic dynasty. In many ways, the Ottoman victory at Maritsa was far more important than the one at Kosovo (1389) and Nicopolis (1396), for it firmly consolidated the Sultanate’s position in Europe and acted as a springboard for future conquest.
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🚩 Over the past decade, Bulgarian armies under Samuel had conquered much of the European possessions of the Byzantine Empire. In 986, Basil II led the campaign personally with 30,000 soldiers. This much larger than average Roman field army showed the importance the Emperor placed on the threat from Bulgaria and the intent to subdue the Bulgarians with one strike…
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🚩 The Battle of the Catalaunian Plains, (AD 451), battle fought between the Huns under Attila and a mixed Roman and Visigoth force under Aetius and Theodoric I; checked the Hunnic advance in Europe. The battle, long-remembered for its ferocity, resulted in Attila’s defeat, though the casualty figures in traditional accounts are probably exaggerated. The Huns’ defeat prevented the widespread destruction and spoliation of Gaul, but it is unlikely that Attila’s horde could have made any deep impression upon the Latin and urban character of the country.
🚩 I combined all parts of our “Battle of the Catalaunian Plains” mini-series for easier viewing. This video was chosen by my Patrons. Thank you so much for your likes and comments ❤️. If you enjoy my videos please consider subscribing.
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🚩 The Crimean War was the result of Russian demands to exercise protection over the Orthodox subjects of the Ottoman sultan. Another cause was a dispute between Russia and France over the privileges of the Russian Orthodox and Roman Catholic churches in Palestine. More broadly, struggles between the great powers in the Middle East led to war. The Crimean War produced about 500,000 total casualties, with about half suffered by each side. A disproportionate number of deaths were caused by disease.
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🚩 We apologies for errors in the video. Namely, Catalonia being part of France and not swapping the banner of Nicholas I with Alexander II. In hindsight both of these seem like no-brainers, but we somehow failed to notice them.
🚩 In this video we’re heading back to the 9th century. The Battle of Pliska in 811 AD marked the first time since the death of Emperor Valens in 378 AD, that a Roman emperor fell in battle.
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🚩 After the Battle of Kosovo in 1389, the Christian hold over south-eastern Europe weakened greatly. The Ottoman Sultanate expanded their control and influence as far as the Danube. But now the European rulers responded. A large Christian coalition mobilized to reduce the growing Ottoman power in Europe.
🚩 I combined all parts of our Battle of Nicopolis 1396 mini-series for easier watching. This video is a great continuation on the Battle of Kosovo, 1389 video. I hope you will enjoy this one. Thank you so much for your likes and comments ❤️. If you enjoy my videos please consider subscribing.
🚩 I combined all episodes of our Battle of Keresztes series into one video for easier viewing. I hope you enjoy this epic clash between the Ottomans and Habsburgs – this battle shows that as long as you stay in the fight, you have a chance of winning.
🚩 The Battle of Achelous was one of the last major efforts of the fading Byzantine Empire to re-expand their territory, and influence, into southeastern Europe. Instead, it was an unmitigated military disaster for the Byzantines, essentially leaving their entire northern frontier exposed to conquest by Bulgarian armies from Western Asia. Moreover, the battle effectively marked the end of Byzantium as a great power, though the rump state continued to hang on for five more centuries.
🚩 With the decline of the Byzantine Empire, the Bulgarian and Serbian states were gradually losing their power, while the young Ottoman state began its conquest of the Balkan lands. Clashes between Ottomans and Serbs, beginning from the 1350’s, led to the gory Battle of Maritsa on 26 September 1371. Some of the powerful Serbian Principalities became vassals of the Ottoman State, while other rallied under the banner of Prince Lazar to stop the Ottomans in the battle of Kosovo…
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🚩 After the defeat at Dara the year prior, the Sassanian King of Kings Kavad I was eager to regain the initiative in the war against the Eastern Roman Empire. His plan was to send an army along the Euphrates and strike deep into Syria, with the ultimate objective being to capture Antioch and cut the Romans off from Palestine and Egypt. But the local Roman garrisons spotted the Persian army and relayed the message to Belisarius, who made way to intercept Kavad’s army in Syria.
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🚩 The collapse of the Western Roman Empire has since the very emergence of modern historiography been viewed as a rapid and violent period of decay. The central role in the ruin of the Western provinces of the Empire has often been attributed to the so-called “Barbarians” or people living beyond the Rhine and Danube frontiers. The view of a violent and bloody takeover of the empire by unorganized mobs of technologically and culturally inferior tribes has since gotten under a lot of deserved scrutiny.
🚩 This video was produced in collaboration with Bulgarian Empire Mapping, check out their channel and give them the credit that they deserve! https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCD-0LPbxri4fSvd0UoisIfg – Big shout to BEM for collaborating with us on this video!
Sources · Eugippius, , and Hermann Sauppe. Vita Sancti Severini. Berolini: apvd Weidmannos, 1877. Print. · Brown, Peter. The World of Late Antiquity: Ad 150-750. New York: Norton, 1989. Print. · Ward-Perkins, Brayan. The Fall of Rome: And the End of Civilization (pp. 3-54). Oxford University Press ,2006
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🚩 Heraclius’ campaigns are an example of an indirect approach to war strategy. And although his gains would be swiftly lost in the wake of the Muslim Conquest, the method by which they were achieved would remain a point of pride in Byzantine military history.
📜 Sources: Howard-Johnston J. The Last Great War of Antiquity. Oxford University Press 2021. Kaegi W. Heraclius Emperor of Byzantium. Cambridge University Press 2003. Daryaee T. Sasanian Persia. IB Tauris 2009. Kaegi W. Byzantine Military Unrest 471-843. Adolf M Hakkert 1981. Kardaras G. Byzantium and the Avars, 6th-9th Century AD. Brill 2019. Luttwak E. The Grand Strategy of the Byzantine Empire. Belknap Press of Harvard University Press 2009. Pohl W. The Avars. Cornell University Press 2018. Pourshariati P. Decline and Fall of the Sasanian Empire. IB Tauris 2008. Reinink G, Stolte B (eds.). The Reign of Heraclius (610-641). Peeters 2002. Maksymiuk K. Geography of Roman-Iranian Wars. Uniwersytet Przyrodniczo-Humanistyczny w Siedlcach, Siedlce 2015. Greatrex G, Lieu S. The Roman Eastern Frontier and the Persian Wars: Part II AD 363-630. Routledge 2002.
The Eastern Roman Empire was under constant Ottoman pressure ever since the new conquerors appeared in the Anatolia. Although the Ottomans tried to take Constantinople on a number of occasions, they had to lift the siege of the city due to the Crusades of Varna and Nicopolis, the Timurid Invasion and the battle of Ankara, and the Interregnum period that happened after their Sultan Bayezid was taken hostage by Timur. However, after the victories at the battles of Varna (1444) and 2nd Kosovo (1448) against the crusaders of Wladyslaw III and John Hunyadi, the road to Constantinople was open and the new sultan Mehmed II set his sight on the city of the Roman emperors…
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Our animated historical documentary series on the Ottoman history continues with the battle of Mohacs of 1526. As sultan Suleiman conquered Belgrade in 1521 and Rhodes in 1522, he was able to focus all his resources on the European expansion and his next target was the Kingdom of Hungary, which was once one of the strongest in Europe, but was in a decline. The battle of Mohacs changed the fate of Hungary for the centuries to come and opened the way for the Ottoman invasions into Europe.
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The Ottoman invasion of Europe was truly challenged for the first time during the Battle of Kosovo of 1389. The Serbs and other Balkan peoples alongside their allies from Western and Eastern Europe fought valiantly against overwhelming odds and although they lost, the foundation of the future resistance, that continued until the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire, was set. This battle was also remarkable due to the fact that leaders of both armies were killed during it. Prince Lazar Hrebeljanović died in the battle and Sultan Murad I was assassinated by the Serbian knight Miloš Obilić, who was killed shortly after. All three are considered martyrs by their people and the spirit of this battle is still part of the bitter animosity…
Sources used:
John V. A. Fine; John Van Antwerp Fine (1994). The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest. University of Michigan Press.
Ломоносов Матвей. Русские исторические источники Косовской битвы 1389 г.. — Пермь: Пермский госуниверситет, 2005
Inspired by: BazBattles, Invicta (THFE), Epic History TV and Historia Civilis
Songs used:
Ottoman Song – Uskudara Giderken
Dark Times – Kevin MacLeod
Magnus Ringblom – Ancient Sculptures in Church
Johannes Bornlof – Barbarians
Rannard Sillard – Deathmatch
📖 Caesar’s Civil War (49–45 BC), was one of the last politico-military conflicts in the Roman Republic before the establishment of the Roman Empire. The war was a four-year-long politico-military struggle, fought in Italy, Illyria, Greece, Egypt, Africa, and Hispania. In a series of battles over the years, Caesar defeated his enemies (the Optimates) and became Dictator for life. The changes to Roman government eliminated the political traditions of the Roman Republic (509–27 BC) and led to the Roman Empire (27 BC–AD 476).
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📝 Sources:
A Military History of the Ottomans – Mesut Uyar
Tuchman (of course 😏)
David Nicolle – Nicopolis 1396, the Last Crusade
Runciman – A history of the Crusades
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📜 Michael the Brave united all Carpathian principalities inhabited by Romanians for the first time in history. Battles in this documentary follow his journey, as he fought to carve out his realm.
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🟥 EPISODE TIMESTAMPS 🟥
🕐 Battle of Calugareni ⚔️ Challenging the Ottoman supremacy 00:00
🕑 Battle of Giurgiu ⚔️ Winnin independence for Wallachia 25:24
🕒 Battle of Selimbar ⚔️ Unification of the Three Principalities 44:30
🕓 Battle of Miraslau ⚔️ Dominion Struggles 01:01:47
🕔 Battle of Guruslau ⚔️ Final Victory 01:17:00
🚩 Many thanks to Albert Weber and his team for providing us with authentic contemporary sources, translated in English, which helped greatly in the creation of this series. Make sure to check out their books: https://amzn.to/3axGmVB https://amzn.to/2RIiQMP
🚩 Many thanks to Calin Cretu, who helped us with Romanian name pronunciations! Without him we would’ve butchered Romanian names much more than we did 🙂
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➤ Many thanks to Albert Weber and his team for providing us with authentic contemporary sources, translated in English, which helped greatly in the creation of this series. Make sure to check out their books: https://amzn.to/3axGmVB https://amzn.to/2RIiQMP
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➤ Sources:
Deepest thanks to Albert Weber, MA for allowing me to use his own research on this topic, and for pointing me towards most of the sources used for this video. His contribution is truly invaluable.
Europe and the ‘Ottoman World’ – Gábor Kármán, Radu G. Păun, Ovidiu Cristea
Ottoman Plans of Expansion in Hungary in the Fifteen Years’ War – Sándor László Tóth
The History of the Romanians – Constantin C. Giurescu
The Ottoman Empire 1300-1650. The structure of power – Colin Imber
Rising up to the Turkish challenge – Ion Florescu (article)
Conquered by the (S)word: Governing the Tributary Principalities of Wallachia and Moldovia (16th-17th Centuries) – Radu G. Păun
Critical chronology of the rulers of Wallachia and Moldova, 1324 -1881 – Constantin Rezachevici
Roumania. Past and present – James Samuelson
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Sources:
“Corpus Draculianum” – by Thomas Bohn, Adrian Gheorghe, Christof Paulus, Albert Weber
“Roots of Balkanization” – by Ion Grumeza
“Dracula” – by Matei Cazacu
“Mehmed the Conqueror and His Time” – by Franz Babinger
“Vlad der Pfähler – Dracula” – by Thomas M. Bohn, Rayk Einax, Stefan Rohdewald
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