🚩 This video was produced in collaboration with Bulgarian Empire Mapping, check out their channel and give them the credit that they deserve! https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCD-0LPbxri4fSvd0UoisIfg – Big shout to BEM for collaborating with us on this video!
🚩 Heraclius’ campaigns are an example of an indirect approach to war strategy. And although his gains would be swiftly lost in the wake of the Muslim Conquest, the method by which they were achieved would remain a point of pride in Byzantine military history.
📜 Sources: Howard-Johnston J. The Last Great War of Antiquity. Oxford University Press 2021. Kaegi W. Heraclius Emperor of Byzantium. Cambridge University Press 2003. Daryaee T. Sasanian Persia. IB Tauris 2009. Kaegi W. Byzantine Military Unrest 471-843. Adolf M Hakkert 1981. Kardaras G. Byzantium and the Avars, 6th-9th Century AD. Brill 2019. Luttwak E. The Grand Strategy of the Byzantine Empire. Belknap Press of Harvard University Press 2009. Pohl W. The Avars. Cornell University Press 2018. Pourshariati P. Decline and Fall of the Sasanian Empire. IB Tauris 2008. Reinink G, Stolte B (eds.). The Reign of Heraclius (610-641). Peeters 2002. Maksymiuk K. Geography of Roman-Iranian Wars. Uniwersytet Przyrodniczo-Humanistyczny w Siedlcach, Siedlce 2015. Greatrex G, Lieu S. The Roman Eastern Frontier and the Persian Wars: Part II AD 363-630. Routledge 2002.
Now that we have started to work on the second season of our animated historical documentary series on the Mongol Empire, we decided to make this video to refresh the memory of what happened during the rise of the Mongols. In this video we are covering the conquests of China, Central Asia, Iran, Caucasus, Eastern Europe via the battles of Yehuling, Parwan, Indus River, Kalka, Mohi, Legnica, Ain Jalut, Yamen and others, featuring Genghis Khan, Ogedei, Batu, Kublia, Chagatai, Subutai, Jebe, Tolui, Jalal-ad-din, Baibars, Qutuz and others.
The Eastern Roman Empire was under constant Ottoman pressure ever since the new conquerors appeared in the Anatolia. Although the Ottomans tried to take Constantinople on a number of occasions, they had to lift the siege of the city due to the Crusades of Varna and Nicopolis, the Timurid Invasion and the battle of Ankara, and the Interregnum period that happened after their Sultan Bayezid was taken hostage by Timur. However, after the victories at the battles of Varna (1444) and 2nd Kosovo (1448) against the crusaders of Wladyslaw III and John Hunyadi, the road to Constantinople was open and the new sultan Mehmed II set his sight on the city of the Roman emperors…
We are grateful to our patrons, who made this video possible: Matthew Levy, Rene Malmgren, Ibrahim Rahman, Koopinator, Daisho, Łukasz Maliszewski, William Fluit, Juan Camilo Rodriguez, Murray Dubs, Félix Gagné-Dion, Fahri Dashwali, Kyle Hooton, Dan Mullen, Mohamed Thair, Pablo Aparicio Martínez, Iulian Margeloiu, Chet, Nick Nasad, Jeyares, Amir Eppel, Thomas Bloch, Uri Sternfeld, Georgi Kirilov, Mohammad Mian, Daniel Yifrach, Brian Crane, Muramasa, Gerald Tnay, Hassan Ali, Richie Thierry, David O’Hare, Christopher Commins, Chris Glantzis, William Pugh, Stefan Dt, indy, Bashir Hammour, Mario Nickel, R.G. Ferrick, Moritz Pohlmann, Russell Breckenridge, Jared R. Parker, Kassem Omar Kassem, AmericanPatriot, Robert Arnaud, Christopher Issariotis, John Wang, Joakim Airas, Nathanial Eriksen, Joakim Airas, Chuan Kit Kee, John Padalis, Raphaël Dordeins, Donovan Moore, Howie Truong, Chuan Kit Kee, Håvard Siegel Haukeberg, ccplz, Tepes Obrejac, Jon, Emil Johansson, Patrick Riordan, Marc Kuiper, Qamil Lita, Jack Roelofs, Fernando Henrique, iMattyz, Rbj, Frat, The Noob Game Developer, Jacob Filmer, Travis Tiffany, Andreas Ekström, Zachary Marhal, Tomás Cortés Benjumea, Mensur Hamzic, Maxwell Gaughran, Kristofer Eriksson, Dave Ormsby, Aaron Snakenberg, Razen Alsuwaihel, Scott Buster, Erik W Thurnher, Tim Taylor, Aldo Schepis and Umar Farooq.
The Machinimas for this video are created by one more friend – Malay Archer. Check out his channel, he has some of the best Total War machinimas ever created: https://www.youtube.com/user/MathemedicUpdates/videos
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The Ottoman invasion of Europe was truly challenged for the first time during the Battle of Kosovo of 1389. The Serbs and other Balkan peoples alongside their allies from Western and Eastern Europe fought valiantly against overwhelming odds and although they lost, the foundation of the future resistance, that continued until the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire, was set. This battle was also remarkable due to the fact that leaders of both armies were killed during it. Prince Lazar Hrebeljanović died in the battle and Sultan Murad I was assassinated by the Serbian knight Miloš Obilić, who was killed shortly after. All three are considered martyrs by their people and the spirit of this battle is still part of the bitter animosity…
Sources used:
John V. A. Fine; John Van Antwerp Fine (1994). The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest. University of Michigan Press.
Ломоносов Матвей. Русские исторические источники Косовской битвы 1389 г.. — Пермь: Пермский госуниверситет, 2005
Inspired by: BazBattles, Invicta (THFE), Epic History TV and Historia Civilis
Songs used:
Ottoman Song – Uskudara Giderken
Dark Times – Kevin MacLeod
Magnus Ringblom – Ancient Sculptures in Church
Johannes Bornlof – Barbarians
Rannard Sillard – Deathmatch
