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📢 Narrated by David McCallion
🎼 Music: EpidemicSound Storyblocks Filmstro Scary demon by https://www.youtube.com/@neededsoundeffects6988
📚 Sources and citations: Septimius Severus The African Emperor – Anthony Richard Birley (1999) Roman Battle Tactics 109 BC – AD 313 – Ross Cowan (2007) Pax Romana: War, Peace and Conquest in the Roman World – Adrian Goldsworthy (2016)
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🚩 If you like what you see, consider supporting my work on Patreon and you get ad-free early access to my videos for as little as $1 https://www.patreon.com/historymarche — You can also show your support by subscribing to the channel and liking the video. Thank you for watching.
📚 Sources: Barnes, T. D. 2011: Constantine: Dynasty, Religion and Power in the Later Roman Empire, Oxford. Cowan, R. 2016: Milvian Bridge AD 312: Constantine’s Battle for Empire and Faith, Oxford & New York. Cullhed, M. 1994: Conservator Urbis Suae: Studies in the Politics and Propaganda of the Emperor Maxentius, Stockholm. Hughes, I. 2020: A Military Life of Constantine the Great, Barnsley, South Yorkshire. Leadbetter, W. 2009: Galerius and the Will of Diocletian, London & New York. Nixon, C. E. V., & B. S. Rodgers. 1994: In Praise of Later Roman Emperors: The Panegyrici Latini, Berkeley. Potter, D. S. 2013: Constantine the Emperor, Oxford & New York. Weiss, P. 2003: The Vision of Constantine, trans. A. R. Birley, Journal of Roman Archaeology 16, 237-259.
📚 Big thanks to Dr.Byron Waldron and Srpske Bitke for working with me on this video.
🎼 Music: Epidemic Sound Filmstro
📚 Sources: Boteva, D. 2001: On the Chronology of the Gothic Invasions under Philippus and Decius (AD 248-251), Archaeologia Bulgarica 5, 37-44. Boteva, D. 2020: Some Considerations Related to the Scythica Vindobonensia, in F. Mitthof, G. Martin & J. Grusková (eds.), Empire in Crisis: Gothic Invasions and Roman Historiography, Vienna, 195-212. Bursche, A. 2013: The Battle of Abritus, the Imperial Treasury and Aurei in Barbaricum, NC 173, 151-170. Bursche, A. & K. Myzgin. 2020: The Gothic Invasions of the Mid-3rd c. A.D. and the Battle of Abritus: Coins and Archaeology in east-central Barbaricum, JRA 33, 195-229. Carter, M. L. 1985: A Numismatic Reconstruction of Kushano-Sasanian History, Museum Notes (American Numismatic Society) 30, 215-281. Davenport, C. & C. Mallan. 2013: Dexippus’ Letter of Decius: Context and Interpretation, Museum Helveticum 70.1, 57-73. De Blois, L. 2018: Image and Reality of Roman Imperial Power in the Third Century AD: The Impact of War, London. Dodgeon, M. H. & S. N. C. Lieu. 1991: The Roman Eastern Frontier and the Persian Wars AD 226-363: A Documentary History, London & New York. Grusková, J. & G. Martin. 2015: Zum Angriff der Goten unter Kniva auf eine thrakische Stadt (Scythica Vindobonensia, f. 195v), Tyche 30, 35-53. Grusková, J. & G. Martin. 2017: Neugelesener Text im Wiener Dexipp-Palimpsest (“Scythica Vindobonensia”, f. 195v, Z.6–10) mit Hilfe der Röntgenfluoreszenzanalyse, ZPE 204, 40-46. Johne, K. -P., U. Hartmann & T. Gerhardt (eds.). 2008: Die Zeit der Soldaten-Kaiser. Krise und Transformation des Römischen Reiches im 3. Jahrhundert n. Chr. (235-284), 2 Vols., Berlin. Martin, G. and J. Grusková. 2014: “Scythica Vindobonensia” by Dexippus(?): New Fragments on Decius’ Gothic Wars, GRBS 54, 728-754. Pearson, P. N. 2022: The Roman Empire in Crisis 248-260: When the Gods Abandoned Rome, Barnsley, South Yorkshire. Potter, D. S. 1990: Prophecy and History in the Crisis of the Roman Empire: A Historical Commentary on the Thirteenth Sibylline Oracle, Oxford & New York. Potter, D. S. 2020: Dexippus’ Gothic Anthropology, in F. Mitthof, G. Martin & J. Grusková (eds.), Empire in Crisis: Gothic Invasions and Roman Historiography, Vienna, 357-368. Potter, D. S. 2022: Decius and the Battle near Abritus, in R. Evans & F. Tougher (eds.), Generalship in Ancient Greece, Rome and Byzantium, Edinburgh, 139-150. Wolfram, H. 1988. History of the Goths, trans. T. J. Dunlap, Berkeley & Los Angeles.
🚩 I’m very pleased to have worked with Dr. Byron Waldron on this series. His research and incredible insight into the Crisis of the Third Century made this video possible. The Crisis of the Third Century was one of the darkest periods in Roman history. By 270 AD the empire had practically disintegrated, but emperor Aurelian managed to string an unprecedented series of military victories to restore the Roman Empire.
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🚩 I’m very pleased to have worked with Dr. Byron Waldron on this video. His research and incredible insight into the Crisis of the Third Century made this video possible. The Crisis of the Third Century was one of the darkest periods in Roman history. By 270 AD the empire had practically disintegrated, but emperor Aurelian managed to string an unprecedented series of military victories to restore the Roman Empire. This mini series will feature 3 parts, stay tuned.
🚩 Watch thousands of high quality documentaries on CuriosityStream: https://curiositystream.thld.co/historymarcheapr and use the code: HISTORYMARCHE when you sign up to get 30 days of FREE unlimited access.
🚩 I’m very pleased to have worked with Dr. Byron Waldron on this video. His research and incredible insight into the Crisis of the Third Century made this video possible. The Crisis of the Third Century was one of the darkest periods in Roman history. By 270 AD the empire had practically disintegrated, but emperor Aurelian managed to string an unprecedented series of military victories to restore the Roman Empire. This mini series will feature 3 parts, stay tuned.
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📝 Special thanks to Byron Waldron for researching and writing the script!
📢 Narrated by David McCallion
🎼 Music, courtesy of EpidemicSound
📝 Sources
Barnes, T. D. 1982: The New Empire of Diocletian and Constantine, Cambridge, MA & London.
– 1996: Emperors, Panegyrics, Prefects, Provinces and Palaces (284-317), JRA 9, 532-552.
Davenport, C. 2019: A History of the Roman Equestrian Order, Cambridge & New York.
De Blois, L. 2016: Rome and Persia in the Middle of the Third Century AD (230-266), in Slootjes & Peachin, Rome and the Worlds beyond Its Frontiers, 33-44.
– 2018: Image and Reality of Roman Imperial Power in the Third Century AD: The Impact of War, London.
Dignas, B. & E. Winter. 2007: Rome and Persia in Late Antiquity: Neighbours and Rivals, Cambridge & New York.
Dodgeon, M. H. & S. N. C. Lieu. 1991: The Roman Eastern Frontier and the Persian Wars AD 226-363: A Documentary History, London & New York.
Farrokh, K. 2005: Sassanian Elite Cavalry AD 224-642, Oxford & New York.
Frye, R. N. 1984: The History of Ancient Iran, Munich.
Leadbetter, W. 2009: Galerius and the Will of Diocletian, London & New York.
Waldron, B. 2018: Diocletian, Hereditary Succession and the Tetrarchic Dynasty, PhD Dissertation, University of Sydney.
Wilkinson, K. W. 2012 : The Sarmatian and the Indians: A New Satirical Epigram on the Victory Titles of Galerius, ZPE 183, 39-52.
Kyle Harper – Pandemics and Passages to Late Antiquity: Rethinking of the Plague of 249-70, described by Cyprian (Journal of Roman Archaeology 28 (2015)
