๐ฉ If you like what you see, consider supporting my work on Patreon and you get ad-free early access to my videos for as little as $1 https://www.patreon.com/historymarche — You can also show your support by subscribing to the channel and liking the video. Thank you for watching.
๐ข Narrated by David McCallion
๐ผ Music: EpidemicSound Filmstro
๐ Sources: The Gibraltar Crusade: Castile and the Battle for the Strait – Joseph F. O’Callaghan (2011) The Reconquista: The History and Legacy of the Conflicts Between the Moors and Christians on the Iberian Peninsula – Charles River Editors (2018) The Reconquest of Spain – Derek Lomax (1978) The Portuguese in the Age of Discovery 1340-1665 – David Nicolle (2012)
๐ฉ If you like what you see, consider supporting my work on Patreon and you get ad-free early access to my videos for as little as $1 https://www.patreon.com/historymarche — You can also show your support by subscribing to the channel and liking the video. Thank you for watching.
The Battle of Ourique is a defining moment in the history of Portugal, as it was here that Afonso Henriques was on July 25, 1139, proclaimed the first King of Portugal by his troops after defeating the Moorish army. The significance of the battle of Ourique cannot be overstated for it secured the founding of the Kingdom of Portugal.
The five blue shields at the very centre of the flag of Portugal represent the five Moorish kings that were defeated by Portugal’s first King Afonso Henriques in the battle of Ourique 1139. The white central shield is the personal armor of this same King and was said to have been given to him in a vision of the crucified Christ on the eve of battle.
๐ข Narrated by David McCallion
๐ผ Music: EpidemicSound Filmstro
๐ Sources: The Reconquest Kings of Portugal: Political and Cultural Reorientation on the Medieval Frontier – Stephen Lay (2008) Between Silences: The Coronation of Portuguese Medieval Kings (12thโ14th Centuries) – Carla Varela Fernandes (2020) The Teaching of military history at Portuguese universities: Pride and Prejudice – Joรฃo Gouveia Monteiro (2021) The History of Medieval Portugal in the Deducao cronologica analitica – Filipe Alves Moreira (2022) The Kingdom of Leรณn-Castilla under King Alfonso VII, 1126โ1157 – Bernard F. Reilly (1998) Between God and the King: The world of military orders – Isabel Cristina Ferreira Fernandes (2018) A History of Portugal and the Portuguese Empire, volume I, Cambridge University Press – Anthony Disney (2009) The Reconquista and Its Legacy, 1000-1348 – Antรณnio Henriques (2017) Fantastic Stories of the History of Portugal – Joรฃo Ferreira (2010)
Correction: 10:48 The location of the battle is heavily debated. Contemporary sources said that they do not know where the battle took place, only that it took place on “fields near Ourique”. But today many historians argue that Alfonso couldn’t lead a full military campaign in Alentejo with his limited resources, so deep in Muslim territory (he was only a count with a small realm). A more plausible location is suggested near Vila Chรฃ de Ourique, which was closer to Portugal’s traditional lands. Nevertheless, historians are divided between Ourique in Alentejo and Vila Chรฃ de Ourique further north – my opinion is that Vila Chรฃ de Ourique is much more plausible.
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๐ฉ If you like what you see, consider supporting my work on Patreon and you get ad-free early access to my videos for as little as $1 https://www.patreon.com/historymarche — You can also show your support by subscribing to the channel and liking the video. Thank you for watching.
๐ฉ In early 13th century, crusade was a new concept in Iberia, just beginning to take hold and influence their approach to the regular warfare with their Muslim neighbors. However, the clash at Las Navas helped to solidify and expand the acceptance of crusade ideology in the minds of the Iberian Christians in the ensuing years. This was a turning point in the age of Reconquista…
๐ข Narrated by David McCallion
๐ผ Music: EpidemicSound Filmstro
๐ Sources Joseph F. OโCallaghan – A History of Medieval Spain Joseph F. OโCallaghan – Reconquest and Crusade in Medieval Spain George F. Nafziger, Mark W. Walton – Islam at War: A History Kenneth M. Setton et. al. – A History of the Crusades Vol. II: The Later Crusades
๐ฉ Sebastian, the king of the ever expanding Portuguese empire, wished to impose Christian rule over Muslim Morocco. He landed in Tangier with 23,000 troops and modern artillery. But the Moroccan forces, though not as well equipped, numbered over 50,000 men. Led by the determined Sultan Abd al-Malik, defeating the the Muslims would present the greatest challenge yet to the Portuguese overseas expansion… ๐ฉ Upon your requests I merged all parts of this mini-series for more convenient viewing. I hope you’ll enjoy the show!
๐ฉ Today we examine the Battle of Vitkov Hill, fought in 1420 outside the city walls of Prague, amidst a series of crusades against the Hussites, who were a Czech proto-Protestant movement. Just one year before, in 1419, the Pope declared a crusade against them, and the Holy Roman Empire organized forces to wipe them out. Easier said than done…
๐ฉ As requested by many of you on YouTube, here’s the ad-free early access to the Third Crusade Compilation, 1h 30m duration. The conflict was an attempt by western European kingdoms to regain control over the Crusader states, most importantly the kingdom of Jerusalem, which were lost to the Ayyubid Sultan, Saladin in the aftermath of the Battle of Hattin (1187).
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๐ฉ Alfonso VI’s steady expansion and incorporation of Taifas into his realm provoked a reaction from the Almoravids. Commanded by Yusuf ibn Tashfin, the Almoravid army met Alfonso force near Badajos. A victory for the Christians would break the last significant Muslim resistance and enable complete conquest of Iberia. A victory for the Muslims would stop and reverse the Reconquista.
๐ฉ Big thanks to Srpske Bitke for their collaboration on this video: https://www.youtube.com/@SrpskeBitke
๐ข Narrated by David McCallion
๐ Research and writing: Damien Peters
๐ Sources: Abd al-Wahid al Marrakushi – Account of the Battle of Zallaca, taken from โChristians and Moors in Spainโ – Retrieved from https://deremilitari.org/2013/11/the-battle-of-zallaqa-1086/ David Nicholle & Angus McBride – El Sid and the Spanish Reconquista, 1050-1492 John France – Western Warfare in the Age of the Crusades, 1000-1300 Ian Heath – Armies of Feudal Europe, 1066-1300 Joseph F. OโCallaghan – Reconquest and Crusade in Medieval Spain Joseph F. OโCallaghan – The Latin Chronicle of the Kings of Castile Richard Fletcher – Moorish Spain
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Battle of Jaffa (1192) was the culmination of the clash of Richard and Saladin, two of the most valiant commanders of their era. The encounter finally brought to an end the Third Crusade and cemented both Richard’s and Saladin’s reputation in the history books.
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๐ฉ Skanderbeg, a national hero of the Albanians, was the first to organize a league of Albanian princes, over which he was appointed commander in chief, in 1444. For twenty two years, in the period 1444-66, he effectively repulsed 13 Turkish invasions. His successful resistance to the Ottoman armies made him a hero throughout the Western world.
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๐ฉ The Battle of Grunwald was one of medieval Europe’s most bloodiest battles. Polish-Lithuanian victory broke the Teutonic Order, marking the end of the order’s expansion along the southeastern coast of the Baltic Sea and the beginning of the decline of its power.
๐ฉ This video was produced in collaboration with Bulgarian Empire Mapping, check out their channel and give them the credit that they deserve! https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCD-0LPbxri4fSvd0UoisIfg – Big shout to BEM for collaborating with us on this video!
๐ Research and writing Bulgarian Empire Mapping
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๐ฉ On a late November morning in the year 1095, the rousing sermon of Pope Urban II reverberated across Europe. Thousands of knights and ordinary people took the cross and marched East. Over the next two hundred years the Christian armies attempted to recover Palestine from Islamic rule. But conquering these lands was easier than keeping them. What were the strategic methods employed by the Crusader states to keep hold of the Holy Land?
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๐ฉ Heracliusโ campaigns are an example of an indirect approach to war strategy. And although his gains would be swiftly lost in the wake of the Muslim Conquest, the method by which they were achieved would remain a point of pride in Byzantine military history.
๐ Sources: Howard-Johnston J. The Last Great War of Antiquity. Oxford University Press 2021. Kaegi W. Heraclius Emperor of Byzantium. Cambridge University Press 2003. Daryaee T. Sasanian Persia. IB Tauris 2009. Kaegi W. Byzantine Military Unrest 471-843. Adolf M Hakkert 1981. Kardaras G. Byzantium and the Avars, 6th-9th Century AD. Brill 2019. Luttwak E. The Grand Strategy of the Byzantine Empire. Belknap Press of Harvard University Press 2009. Pohl W. The Avars. Cornell University Press 2018. Pourshariati P. Decline and Fall of the Sasanian Empire. IB Tauris 2008. Reinink G, Stolte B (eds.). The Reign of Heraclius (610-641). Peeters 2002. Maksymiuk K. Geography of Roman-Iranian Wars. Uniwersytet Przyrodniczo-Humanistyczny w Siedlcach, Siedlce 2015. Greatrex G, Lieu S. The Roman Eastern Frontier and the Persian Wars: Part II AD 363-630. Routledge 2002.
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๐ฉThe Battle of the Field of Blood and the broader struggle for Aleppo was an intensely complex affair, drawing in many factionsโFrankish, Turkish, Armenian, Arab, and Byzantine. Like so many of the Crusader Statesโ wars, it was rarely a simple matter of Christians versus Muslims.
Now that we have started to work on the second season of our animated historical documentary series on the Mongol Empire, we decided to make this video to refresh the memory of what happened during the rise of the Mongols. In this video we are covering the conquests of China, Central Asia, Iran, Caucasus, Eastern Europe via the battles of Yehuling, Parwan, Indus River, Kalka, Mohi, Legnica, Ain Jalut, Yamen and others, featuring Genghis Khan, Ogedei, Batu, Kublia, Chagatai, Subutai, Jebe, Tolui, Jalal-ad-din, Baibars, Qutuz and others.
The First Crusade was one of the most extraordinary, bloody and significant episodes in medieval history. It began with an appeal for aid from the Christian Byzantine Empire, threatened by the rising power of the Muslim Seljuk Turks. But when Pope Urban II preached a sermon at Clermont in 1095, the result was unlike anything ever seen before. The Pope offered spiritual salvation to those willing to go east to aid their fellow Christians in a holy war, and help liberate Jerusalem from Muslim rule. Knights and peasants alike signed up in their thousands, leading to the disastrous People’s, or Peasants’, Crusade, then to a much more organised and powerful Princes’ Crusade. Their forces gathered at Constantinople, where they made an uneasy alliance with Byzantine Emperor Alexius I Comnenus. Entering Anatolia, they helped to win back the city of Nicaea, then won a decisive but hard-fought victory at Dorlyaeum, before marching on the great city of Antioch…
Music with thanks to Filmstro: https://filmstro.com/?ref=7765
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Sky – Anyul Rivas
Wooded Hills – Alexander Annenkov
Dramatic Fields – Antonio Caiazzo
Twin peaks of Mount Ararat – Adam Jones
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๐ Sources:
A Military History of the Ottomans – Mesut Uyar
Tuchman (of course ๐)
David Nicolle – Nicopolis 1396, the Last Crusade
Runciman – A history of the Crusades
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