In Bonn, Germany, two ESA astronauts recently went through a brand new training programme which could be very useful in case of no contact with the ground or when communication might be delayed.
Samantha Cristoferetti and Matthias Maurer were taught basic mechanical, electronic, electrical and pneumatic skills and how to use these skills to troubleshoot their equipment in space.
This new training, commissioned by ESA, has been developed by the Dr. Reinold-Hagen Foundation and by Space Application Services.
More about astronaut training:
http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Human_Spaceflight/Astronauts/The_challenges_of_astronaut_training