📚 Sources: The Battle of Aughrim by Michael McNally (EPUB ISBN: 978 0 7424 9658 0). Kingdom Overthrown by Gerald Fitzgibbon (EPUB ISBN: 978-1-84840-476-2). ‘The Battle of Aughrim 1691’ by G. A. Hayes-McCoy in Journal of the Galway Archaeological and Historical Society. The Battlefields of Ireland, from 1688-1691, including Limerick and Athlone, Aughrim and the Boyne by John Boyle (ASIN: B074D1KXR5).
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🚩 In the early 10th century, Britain was divided. Several Kings and Earls vied for land and power. King Athelstan brought together the Anglo-Saxons against a newly formed Celtic/Norse army. A defeat for Athelstan would cause the fledgling Kingdom of England to disintegrate. A victory, would ensure its survival.
🚩 Basil had successfully stabilized the empire after the civil war, exacerbated by the conflict with the Fatimids in Syria. Samuel of Bulgaria took advantage of the situation to invade the Byzantine Empire in the west. Meanwhile, the Fatimids were preparing to push Romans out of Syria. Emperor Basil now faced a fight on two fronts against two formidable opponents. In this episode we will show the Battle of Spercheios (997 AD) and the Battle of Apamea (998 AD), as Basil tries to organize his army to stave off multiple incursions into Byzantine territory.
🎼 Music: Kevin MacLeod – All This Kevin MacLeod – Impact Allegretto Kevin MacLeod – Impact Kevin MacLeod – Crypto Epidemic Sound Filmstro
📚 Sources: Peter Hoskins – In the Steps of the Black Prince, The Road to Poitiers, 1355-1356 (2011) David Nicolle – Poitiers 1356, The capture of a king (2004) David Green – Battle of Poitiers 1356 (2002) British battles – Poitiers – by Hillaire Belloc (1913)
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🚩 Big thanks to Srpske Bitke https://www.youtube.com/@SrpskeBitke and Dr.Byron Waldron for collaborating with me on this video.
📢 Narrated by David McCallion
📝 Written by Dr. Byron Waldron
🎼 Music: Instinct – Bensound Impact Allegretto – Kevin MacLeod Crypto – Kevin MacLeod Epidemic Sounds Volatile Reaction – Kevin MacLeod
📚 Sources: Carter, M. L. 1985: A Numismatic Reconstruction of Kushano-Sasanian History, Museum Notes (American Numismatic Society) 30, 215-281.
Dodgeon, M. H. & S. N. C. Lieu. (eds.). 1991: The Roman Eastern Frontier and the Persian Wars AD 226-363: A Documentary History, London & New York: Routledge.
Edwell, P. 2021: Rome and Persia at War: Imperial Competition and Contact, 193-363 CE, London & New York: Routledge.
Hauser, S. R. 2013: Where is the man of Hadr, who once built it and taxed the land by the Tigris and Chaboras? On the significance of the final siege of Hatra, in L. Dirven (ed.), Hatra: Politics, Culture and Religion between Parthia and Rome. Oriens et Occidens 21, Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag, 119-139.
Kettenhofen, E. 1982: Die römisch-persischen Kriege des 3. Jahrhunderts n. Chr.: nach der Inschrift Šāhpuhrs I. an der Ka’be-ye Zartošt (ŠKZ). Beihefte zum Tubinger Atlas des Vorderen Orients. Reihe B, Geisteswissenschaften, no. 55, Wiesbaden: Ludwig Reichert.
Kroll, T. (tr.). 1985: The Chronicle of Arbela. CSCO 468, Scriptores Syri 200, Leuven: Peeters Publishers.
MacDonald, D. 1981: The Death of Gordian III: Another Tradition, Historia 30.4, 502-508.
Mosig-Walburg, K. 2009: Römer und Perser: vom 3. Jahrhunderts bis zum Jahr 363 n. Chr., Gutenberg: Computus.
Piacentini, V. F. 1985: Ardashir I Papakan and the Wars against the Arabs: Working Hypothesis on the Sasanian Hold of the Gulf, Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies 15, 57-77.
Potter, D. S. 1990: Prophecy and History in the Crisis of the Roman Empire: A Historical Commentary on the Thirteenth Sibylline Oracle, Oxford & New York: Oxford University Press.
Potter, D. S. 2018: Decius and Valerian, in D. W. Burgersdijk & A. J. Ross (eds.), Imagining Emperors in the Later Roman Empire. Cultural Interactions in the Mediterranean 1, Leiden: Brill.
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🚩 See also the Battle of Tours, 732 AD – How the Franks stopped the Muslim expansion https://youtu.be/9JuVjUPN5fo
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🚩 Big thanks to History Rhymes for their collaboration on this video: https://www.youtube.com/@historyrhymes1701
📢 Narrated by David McCallion
📝 Written by Jonathan Woody
🎼 Music: EpidemicSound.com Filmstro
📚 Sources: Alberto Raul, The Muslim Invasion of Spain (Medieval Warfare Magazine) Alberto Ferreiro, The Visigoths in Gaul and Iberia Jamil M. Abu-Nasr, History of the Magrib in the Islamic Period Roger Collins, The Arab Conquest of Spain (720 – 797) Thomas F. Glick, Islamic and Christian Spain in the Early Middle Ages Richard Hitchkock, Muslim Spain Reconsidered: From 711 to 1502
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🚩 Big thanks to Srpske Bitke for their collaboration on this video: https://www.youtube.com/@SrpskeBitke
📚 Sources: Le Mura Megalitiche: Il Lazio meridionale tra storia e mito – Viviana Fontana (2016) Cassius Dio, Roman History Diodorus Siculus, Library of History Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities Frontinus, Stratagems Livy, From the Founding of the City Polybius, Histories Zonaras, Epitome of Histories Bradley, G. 2020: Early Rome to 290 BC: The Beginnings of the City and the Rise of the Republic, Edinburgh. Cornell, T. 2017: ‘The “Samnite Wars,” 343-290 BC, in M. Whitby & H. Sidebottom (eds.), The Encyclopedia of Ancient Battles, Malden MA, Oxford & Chichester, West Sussex, 2.469-479. Forsyth, G. 2006: A Critical History of Early Rome: From Prehistory to the First Punic War, Berkeley. Oakley, S. P. 1997-2005: A Commentary on Livy, Books VI-X, Oxford.
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🚩 This video is made possible by the generous support of our Patrons. If you’d like to help us make more free content like this, consider supporting us on https://www.patreon.com/historymarche
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📢 Narrated by David McCallion
📝 Written by Jonathan Woody
🎼 Music: EpidemicSound.com Filmstro
📚 Sources: Joan of Arc: A History by Helen Castor The Agincourt War: A Military History of the Hundred Years’ War from 1369 to 1453 by Alfred H. Burne The Hundred Years War, Volume 4: Cursed Kings by Jonathan Sumption
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🚩 The Great Raid of 1355 that devastated southern France was likened to a “demonic raid” by the locals. In the famous “Apocalypse tapestries” Louis of Anjou commissioned in 1373, it is said that Edward III is depicted as a demon followed by his five sons. The English expedition into southern France laid the groundwork for the upcoming offensive a year later, which would culminate in the famous Battle of Poitiers (1356).
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🚩 Big thanks to History Rhymes for their collaboration on this video: https://www.youtube.com/@historyrhymes1701
📢 Narrated by David McCallion
📝 Written by Jonathan Woody
🎼 Music: EpidemicSound.com Filmstro
📚 Sources: Poitiers 1356: the Capture of a King (Osprey) by David Nicolle (ISBN: 978-1-284176-516-7) The Black Prince by Michael Jones (ISBN: 9781784972936) The Black Prince and the Capture of a King: Poitiers 1356 by Marilyn Livingstone and Morgen Witzel (ISBN: 978-1-61200-452-5) The Battle of Poitiers 1356 by David Green (ISBN: 978-0-7524-9634-4) Chronicles (Penguin Classics) by Jean Froissart (ISBN: 978-0140442007)
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🚩 The Battle of Nördlingen (1634) was a crushing victory for the Habsburgs in the Thirty Years’ War. It ended Swedish domination in southern Germany, and it led France to become an active participant in the war.
🚩 This video is made possible by the generous support of our Patrons. If you’d like to help us make more free content like this, consider supporting us on https://www.patreon.com/historymarche
🚩 Big thanks to HistoryVerse for their collaboration on this video: https://www.youtube.com/@Historyverse
📢 Narrated by David McCallion
🎼 Music: EpidemicSound.com Filmstro
📚 Sources: • The Battle of Nördlingen 1634: The Bloody Fight Between Tercios and Brigades (Century of the Soldier), by Alberto Raúl Esteban Ribas (2021) • Battles of the Thirty Years War: From White Mountain to Nordlingen, 1618-1635 (Contributions in Military Studies Book 213), by William P. Guthrie (2001)
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🚩 Charles XII was one of the greatest military leaders in European history. He defeated Denmark, Poland, Saxony and Russia in a series of brilliant campaigns. A skilled tactician, he had a good eye for choosing a battleground and insisted on personal leadership in battle. His strategic talent, however, was much criticized, especially his decision to wage a long war in Poland and his Russian campaign in 1707-1709.
🚩 This video is made possible by the generous support of our Patrons. If you’d like to help us make more free content like this, consider supporting us on https://www.patreon.com/historymarche
🚩 Big thanks to History Rhymes for their collaboration on this video: https://www.youtube.com/@historyrhymes1701
📢 Narrated by David McCallion
📝 Written by Jonathan Woody
🎼 Music: EpidemicSound.com Filmstro
📚 Sources: Peter the Great: The Strugle for Power, 1671 – 1725 by Paul Bushkovitch
Chicago / Turabian 16th Edition Citation: Bushkovitch, Paul. Peter the Great : the Struggle for Power, 1671-1725. Cambridge ;: Cambridge University Press, 2001.
Military Actions at Narva in 1700 According to the Memoirs of Swedish Warriors by Sergei A. Chirkin
Charles XII at Narva in autum 1700: Testimonies from his confidants by Sergei A. Chirkin
Chicago / Turabian 16th Edition Citation: Chirkin, Sergei A. “Сharles XII at Narva in Autumn 1700: Testimonies from His Confidants.” Mastatskaya i Muzychnaya Adukatsiya 21, no. 3 (2021): 288–292.
The Battle of Narva: November 29th, 1700 by Richard Cavendish
Swedish Gamble at the Battle of Narva by Eric Niderost (Warfare History Network, November 2013)
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🚩 After the Battle of Ashdown, the Viking army was reinforced and continued the invasion, subjugating all Saxon kingdoms, except Wessex. But Alfred took on the Vikings once again, in perhaps one of the most important battles in the history of England.
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🚩 In January 871, Alfred the Great, then a prince of only 21, led an army in battle against the invading Vikings, commanded by Halfdan, one of Ragnar Lothbrok’s sons. For his valiant defence of his kingdom against a stronger army and his reforms in the reconstruction of Wessex and beyond, he became known as ‘the Great’ – no other English king or queen earned that sobriquet.
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📚 Sources: Castillon: Last Battle of the Hundred Years’ War – Warfare History Network – William E. Welsh (2008) The Agincourt War: A Military History of the Hundred Years War from 1369 to 1453 – Alfred H. Burne (2014) The Hundred Years War – The English in France 1337 – 1453 – D.Seward (2013) John Talbot & the War in France, 1427–1453 – A. J. Pollard (2006) Conquest: The English Kingdom of France, (1417-1450) – Juliet Barker
🚩 I’m happy to share with you the Battle of Aquilonia (293 BC), the final episode of the Third Samnite War series, which saw Rome emerge as the dominant power on the Italian peninsula and began its journey to becoming one of the major power of the ancient world. This video has been long in the making, I hope you enjoy it.
🚩 Big thanks to our Patrons for supporting what we do! For as little as $1 per video you can get ad-free early access to our videos: https://www.patreon.com/historymarche
🚩 Big thanks to Srpske Bitke for their collaboration on this video: https://www.youtube.com/@SrpskeBitke
📚 Sources: Le Mura Megalitiche: Il Lazio meridionale tra storia e mito – Viviana Fontana (2016) Cassius Dio, Roman History Diodorus Siculus, Library of History Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities Frontinus, Stratagems Livy, From the Founding of the City Polybius, Histories Zonaras, Epitome of Histories Bradley, G. 2020: Early Rome to 290 BC: The Beginnings of the City and the Rise of the Republic, Edinburgh. Cornell, T. 2017: ‘The “Samnite Wars,” 343-290 BC, in M. Whitby & H. Sidebottom (eds.), The Encyclopedia of Ancient Battles, Malden MA, Oxford & Chichester, West Sussex, 2.469-479. Forsyth, G. 2006: A Critical History of Early Rome: From Prehistory to the First Punic War, Berkeley. Oakley, S. P. 1997-2005: A Commentary on Livy, Books VI-X, Oxford.
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🚩 The Battle of Formigny during the last phase of the Hundred Years’ War was perhaps the most decisive encounter in France’s reconquest of Normandy.
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🚩 The Franks, led by Charles Martel, met the Muslim army commanded by Abd al-Rahman, the Umayyad governor of Spain, in early October 732 AD. Some have argued that this brief conflict influenced the fate of Christian civilization in Europe, while others see it as a simple border skirmish. The truth, it seems, lies somewhere in-between.
🚩 The pivotal Battle of Talas pitted the rapidly expanding Muslim armies against the forces of the Chinese Tang Dynasty. The outcome of the battle changed Central Asia for millennia to come.
📝 Sources: Bartold, Vasily (1928). Turkestan Down to the Mongol Invasion (Trans. T. Minorsky & C.E. Bosworth) Chen, Sanping (2012). Multicultural China in the Early Middle Ages Golden, Peter B. (1990). “The Kharakhanids and early Islam” in The Cambridge History of Early Inner Asia, vol. 1 (ed. Denis Sinor) Hoberman, Barry (Sept/Oct. 1982). “The Battle of Talas” in Aramco World, vol. 33 no. 5 Ibn al-Athir, Ali (ca. 1231) The Complete History Sima, Guang (1084). Zizhi Tongjian. Soucek, Svak (2000). A History of Inner Asia Starr, S. Frederick (2004). Xinjiang: China’s Muslim Borderland
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🚩 Big thanks to Srpske for their collaboration on this video: https://www.youtube.com/@SrpskeBitke 🚩 Big thanks to Dr. Byron Waldron for his research and writing for this video. If you want to learn more about Diocletian, check out his excellent book: https://amz.run/6cSm
📢 Narrated by David McCallion
📝 Written by Dr.Byron Waldron
🎼 Music: EpidemicSound.com Filmstro
📚 Sources: Ancient works consulted: Aurelius Victor’s Liber de Caesaribus, Epitome de Caesaribus, Eusebius’ Chronicon, Eutropius, Festus’ Breviarium, Historia Augusta, Malalas, Orosius, Peter the Patrician, Zonaras, Zosimus.
Ando, C. 2012: Imperial Rome AD 193 to 284: The Critical Century, Edinburgh.
Altmayer, K. 2014: Die Herrschaft des Carus, Carinus und Numerianus als Vorläufer der Tetrarchie. Historia Einzelschriften 230, Stuttgart.
De Blois, L. 2019: Image and Reality of Roman Imperial Power in the Third Century AD: The Impact of War, London.
Dodgeon, M. H. & S. N. C. Lieu. 1991: The Roman Eastern Frontier and the Persian Wars AD 226-363: A Documentary History, London & New York.
Edwell, P. 2021: Rome and Persia at War: Imperial Competition and Contact, 193-363 CE, Oxford & New York.
Kovács, P. 2011: The Battle of Margum or Where Emperor Carinus Died?, Acta Musei Napocensis 45-46/I, 2008-2009, 241-252.
Potter, D. S. 2014: The Roman Empire at Bay AD 180-395, 2nd ed., Oxford & New York.
Rose, C. B. 2021: Reconsidering the Frieze on the Arch of Constantine, JRA 1-36.
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