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📢 Narrated by David McCallion
🎼 Music: EpidemicSound Storyblocks Filmstro
📚 Sources: Adrianople AD 378, MacDowall, Simon (2001), Osprey Publishing, ISBN: 9781841761473. Imperial Brothers: Valentinian, Valens and the Disaster at Adrianople, Hughes, Ian (2013), ISBN: 978-1-84884-417-9.
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Litvinsky, B. A. 1996: The Hephthalite Empire, in Litvinsky, Z. Guang-da & R. S. Samghabadi (eds.), History of Civilizations of Central Asia III: The Crossroads of Civilizations: A.D. 250-750, Paris, 135-162.
Millward, J. A. 2007: Eurasian Crossroads: A History of Xinjiang, New York.
Payne, R. 2015: The Reinvention of Iran: The Sasanian Empire and the Huns, in M. Maas (ed.), The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Attila, New York, 282-300.
Potts, D. T. 2014: Nomadism in Iran: From Antiquity to the Modern Era, Oxford & New York.
Rezakhani, K. 2017: ReOrienting the Sasanians: East Iran in Late Antiquity, Edinburgh.
Whitfield, S. 2018: Silks, Slaves, and Stupas: Material Culture of the Silk Road, Oakland, CA.
Hyun Jin Kim 2013: The Huns, Rome and the Birth of Europe
📚 Big thanks to Dr.Byron Waldron and Srpske Bitke for working with me on this video.
🎼 Music: Epidemic Sound Filmstro
📚 Sources: Boteva, D. 2001: On the Chronology of the Gothic Invasions under Philippus and Decius (AD 248-251), Archaeologia Bulgarica 5, 37-44. Boteva, D. 2020: Some Considerations Related to the Scythica Vindobonensia, in F. Mitthof, G. Martin & J. Grusková (eds.), Empire in Crisis: Gothic Invasions and Roman Historiography, Vienna, 195-212. Bursche, A. 2013: The Battle of Abritus, the Imperial Treasury and Aurei in Barbaricum, NC 173, 151-170. Bursche, A. & K. Myzgin. 2020: The Gothic Invasions of the Mid-3rd c. A.D. and the Battle of Abritus: Coins and Archaeology in east-central Barbaricum, JRA 33, 195-229. Carter, M. L. 1985: A Numismatic Reconstruction of Kushano-Sasanian History, Museum Notes (American Numismatic Society) 30, 215-281. Davenport, C. & C. Mallan. 2013: Dexippus’ Letter of Decius: Context and Interpretation, Museum Helveticum 70.1, 57-73. De Blois, L. 2018: Image and Reality of Roman Imperial Power in the Third Century AD: The Impact of War, London. Dodgeon, M. H. & S. N. C. Lieu. 1991: The Roman Eastern Frontier and the Persian Wars AD 226-363: A Documentary History, London & New York. Grusková, J. & G. Martin. 2015: Zum Angriff der Goten unter Kniva auf eine thrakische Stadt (Scythica Vindobonensia, f. 195v), Tyche 30, 35-53. Grusková, J. & G. Martin. 2017: Neugelesener Text im Wiener Dexipp-Palimpsest (“Scythica Vindobonensia”, f. 195v, Z.6–10) mit Hilfe der Röntgenfluoreszenzanalyse, ZPE 204, 40-46. Johne, K. -P., U. Hartmann & T. Gerhardt (eds.). 2008: Die Zeit der Soldaten-Kaiser. Krise und Transformation des Römischen Reiches im 3. Jahrhundert n. Chr. (235-284), 2 Vols., Berlin. Martin, G. and J. Grusková. 2014: “Scythica Vindobonensia” by Dexippus(?): New Fragments on Decius’ Gothic Wars, GRBS 54, 728-754. Pearson, P. N. 2022: The Roman Empire in Crisis 248-260: When the Gods Abandoned Rome, Barnsley, South Yorkshire. Potter, D. S. 1990: Prophecy and History in the Crisis of the Roman Empire: A Historical Commentary on the Thirteenth Sibylline Oracle, Oxford & New York. Potter, D. S. 2020: Dexippus’ Gothic Anthropology, in F. Mitthof, G. Martin & J. Grusková (eds.), Empire in Crisis: Gothic Invasions and Roman Historiography, Vienna, 357-368. Potter, D. S. 2022: Decius and the Battle near Abritus, in R. Evans & F. Tougher (eds.), Generalship in Ancient Greece, Rome and Byzantium, Edinburgh, 139-150. Wolfram, H. 1988. History of the Goths, trans. T. J. Dunlap, Berkeley & Los Angeles.
🚩 Today we have the Battle of Tolbiac, which took place in Gaul during/after the collapse of the last fragments of the Western Roman Empire. Despite being fought in AD 496 (or 506, depending on who you ask) it marked the beginning of what would one day become modern France.
📚 Sources and citations: Visiting Battlefields: The Battle of Tolbiac – Denny Koch (2015) Bernard S Bachrach – Merovingian Military Organization, 481-751 (1972) John F. Drinkwater – The Alamanni and Rome 213-496: Caracalla to Clovis (2007) Peter Heather – The Restoration of Rome: Barbarian Popes and Imperial Pretenders (2013) Simon MacDowell, Angus McBride – Germanic Warrior, 236-568 (1996) Ian Wood – The Merovingian Kingdoms 450-751 (1994)
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🚩 Battle of Nedao was a day when Rome breathed a sigh of relief. Attila’s defeat against Aetius in 451 and the limited success of the invasion of Italy in 452, as well as Emperor Marcian’s raids into Hunnic lands, had bruised Attila’s reputation as an invincible warlord. He may have already faced a political crisis after killing his brother Bleda and refusing to pick a new co-ruler, a crisis that culminated with his death in 453 AD with a widespread revolt against Hunnic rule by various Germanic leaders. Attila’s son Ellac inherited his father’s realm and was poised to preserve the Hunnic Empire. To do this he would have to defeat his father’s lieutenants, Ardaric and Valamir…
📢 Narrated by David McCallion
🎼 Music: Epidemic Sounds Filmstro
📚 Sources: Collapse of the Hunnic Empire: Jordanes Ardaric and the Battle of Nedao – Bernardo Mingarelli (2018) The Rome that Did Not Fall: The Survival of the East in the Fifth Century – Gerard Friell & Stephen Williams (2005) The Foreign Policies of Theodosius II and Marcian – E.A. Thompson (1950) The Hun: Scourge of God AD 375-565 – Nic Fields (2006)
🚩In 450 AD, Attila the Hun invaded the West. By this time, the collapse of the Roman Empire was already 100 years in the making. But the famous general Aetius brought Rome back from the brink in the battle of the Catalaunian Plains, in 451 AD.
🚩 The Battle of the Catalaunian Plains, (AD 451), battle fought between the Huns under Attila and a mixed Roman and Visigoth force under Aetius and Theodoric I; checked the Hunnic advance in Europe. The battle, long-remembered for its ferocity, resulted in Attila’s defeat, though the casualty figures in traditional accounts are probably exaggerated. The Huns’ defeat prevented the widespread destruction and spoliation of Gaul, but it is unlikely that Attila’s horde could have made any deep impression upon the Latin and urban character of the country.
🚩 I combined all parts of our “Battle of the Catalaunian Plains” mini-series for easier viewing. This video was chosen by my Patrons. Thank you so much for your likes and comments ❤️. If you enjoy my videos please consider subscribing.
🚩 The collapse of the Western Roman Empire has since the very emergence of modern historiography been viewed as a rapid and violent period of decay. The central role in the ruin of the Western provinces of the Empire has often been attributed to the so-called “Barbarians” or people living beyond the Rhine and Danube frontiers. The view of a violent and bloody takeover of the empire by unorganized mobs of technologically and culturally inferior tribes has since gotten under a lot of deserved scrutiny.
🚩 This video was produced in collaboration with Bulgarian Empire Mapping, check out their channel and give them the credit that they deserve! https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCD-0LPbxri4fSvd0UoisIfg – Big shout to BEM for collaborating with us on this video!
Sources · Eugippius, , and Hermann Sauppe. Vita Sancti Severini. Berolini: apvd Weidmannos, 1877. Print. · Brown, Peter. The World of Late Antiquity: Ad 150-750. New York: Norton, 1989. Print. · Ward-Perkins, Brayan. The Fall of Rome: And the End of Civilization (pp. 3-54). Oxford University Press ,2006
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This video is dedicated to my patrons who chose the topic for this video. As a way to thank you, I devoted more time than I normally do to researching and writing the narrative that totals at around 50-55 minutes in duration. Thank you for supporting my work!
We continue where we left off in Part 1 (https://youtu.be/f6H9APJixoo). In early 451 AD Attila invades the Western Roman Empire with the intent of taking over Gaul…
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This video is dedicated to my patrons who chose the topic for this video. As a way to thank you, I devoted more time than I normally do to researching and writing the narrative that totals at around 50-55 minutes in duration. Thank you for supporting my work!
The Battle of Catalaunian Fields was one of most enthralling military engagements in history. Doing research on this topic was amazingly fun. I highly recommend you check out the sources I used for this video, and give them the credit that they deserve. It’s thanks to them that we get to learn about these battles in such amazing detail.
