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📢 Narrated by David McCallion
🎼 Music: EpidemicSound Storyblocks Filmstro Scary demon by https://www.youtube.com/@neededsoundeffects6988
📚 Sources and citations: Septimius Severus The African Emperor – Anthony Richard Birley (1999) Roman Battle Tactics 109 BC – AD 313 – Ross Cowan (2007) Pax Romana: War, Peace and Conquest in the Roman World – Adrian Goldsworthy (2016)
🥏 Visit https://80000hours.org/historymarche and start planning a career that is meaningful, fulfilling, and helps solve one of the world’s most pressing problems. Make your 80,000 hours count.
Litvinsky, B. A. 1996: The Hephthalite Empire, in Litvinsky, Z. Guang-da & R. S. Samghabadi (eds.), History of Civilizations of Central Asia III: The Crossroads of Civilizations: A.D. 250-750, Paris, 135-162.
Millward, J. A. 2007: Eurasian Crossroads: A History of Xinjiang, New York.
Payne, R. 2015: The Reinvention of Iran: The Sasanian Empire and the Huns, in M. Maas (ed.), The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Attila, New York, 282-300.
Potts, D. T. 2014: Nomadism in Iran: From Antiquity to the Modern Era, Oxford & New York.
Rezakhani, K. 2017: ReOrienting the Sasanians: East Iran in Late Antiquity, Edinburgh.
Whitfield, S. 2018: Silks, Slaves, and Stupas: Material Culture of the Silk Road, Oakland, CA.
Hyun Jin Kim 2013: The Huns, Rome and the Birth of Europe
📚 Big thanks to Dr.Byron Waldron and Srpske Bitke for working with me on this video.
🎼 Music: Epidemic Sound Filmstro
📚 Sources: Boteva, D. 2001: On the Chronology of the Gothic Invasions under Philippus and Decius (AD 248-251), Archaeologia Bulgarica 5, 37-44. Boteva, D. 2020: Some Considerations Related to the Scythica Vindobonensia, in F. Mitthof, G. Martin & J. Grusková (eds.), Empire in Crisis: Gothic Invasions and Roman Historiography, Vienna, 195-212. Bursche, A. 2013: The Battle of Abritus, the Imperial Treasury and Aurei in Barbaricum, NC 173, 151-170. Bursche, A. & K. Myzgin. 2020: The Gothic Invasions of the Mid-3rd c. A.D. and the Battle of Abritus: Coins and Archaeology in east-central Barbaricum, JRA 33, 195-229. Carter, M. L. 1985: A Numismatic Reconstruction of Kushano-Sasanian History, Museum Notes (American Numismatic Society) 30, 215-281. Davenport, C. & C. Mallan. 2013: Dexippus’ Letter of Decius: Context and Interpretation, Museum Helveticum 70.1, 57-73. De Blois, L. 2018: Image and Reality of Roman Imperial Power in the Third Century AD: The Impact of War, London. Dodgeon, M. H. & S. N. C. Lieu. 1991: The Roman Eastern Frontier and the Persian Wars AD 226-363: A Documentary History, London & New York. Grusková, J. & G. Martin. 2015: Zum Angriff der Goten unter Kniva auf eine thrakische Stadt (Scythica Vindobonensia, f. 195v), Tyche 30, 35-53. Grusková, J. & G. Martin. 2017: Neugelesener Text im Wiener Dexipp-Palimpsest (“Scythica Vindobonensia”, f. 195v, Z.6–10) mit Hilfe der Röntgenfluoreszenzanalyse, ZPE 204, 40-46. Johne, K. -P., U. Hartmann & T. Gerhardt (eds.). 2008: Die Zeit der Soldaten-Kaiser. Krise und Transformation des Römischen Reiches im 3. Jahrhundert n. Chr. (235-284), 2 Vols., Berlin. Martin, G. and J. Grusková. 2014: “Scythica Vindobonensia” by Dexippus(?): New Fragments on Decius’ Gothic Wars, GRBS 54, 728-754. Pearson, P. N. 2022: The Roman Empire in Crisis 248-260: When the Gods Abandoned Rome, Barnsley, South Yorkshire. Potter, D. S. 1990: Prophecy and History in the Crisis of the Roman Empire: A Historical Commentary on the Thirteenth Sibylline Oracle, Oxford & New York. Potter, D. S. 2020: Dexippus’ Gothic Anthropology, in F. Mitthof, G. Martin & J. Grusková (eds.), Empire in Crisis: Gothic Invasions and Roman Historiography, Vienna, 357-368. Potter, D. S. 2022: Decius and the Battle near Abritus, in R. Evans & F. Tougher (eds.), Generalship in Ancient Greece, Rome and Byzantium, Edinburgh, 139-150. Wolfram, H. 1988. History of the Goths, trans. T. J. Dunlap, Berkeley & Los Angeles.
🎄🎅🎄🎅🎄🎅 Many of you requested all parts of the Battle of Dara mini series be merged into one video. I thought it fitting to release it on New Year’s weekend. I’d like to thank all of you for your support! I feel blessed to have such a wonderful community here that has enabled me to do this full time. Huge thanks and much love to you all! I wish you a very Happy 2023! 🎄🎅🎄🎅🎄🎅
🚩 In the late 5th and early 6th centuries, there began a general ambition by the Byzantine hierarchy to restore the Empire’s territory back to the height of the Roman Empire from where it had evolved. Consequently a series of campaigns began across Italy, North Africa, the Balkans, and the Middle East, to rebuild the former glory. It should be noted that at this point in history, the enemies faced by the Byzantines were far more numerous and better organised than those that Rome had first faced centuries earlier. These were now the evolved enemies that had defeated Rome just 100-150 years earlier. Nevertheless, a Byzantine general by the name Belisarius would rise to the challenge…
🚩 I’m very pleased to have worked with Dr. Byron Waldron on this series. His research and incredible insight into the Crisis of the Third Century made this video possible. The Crisis of the Third Century was one of the darkest periods in Roman history. By 270 AD the empire had practically disintegrated, but emperor Aurelian managed to string an unprecedented series of military victories to restore the Roman Empire.
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🚩 I’m very pleased to have worked with Dr. Byron Waldron on this video. His research and incredible insight into the Crisis of the Third Century made this video possible. The Crisis of the Third Century was one of the darkest periods in Roman history. By 270 AD the empire had practically disintegrated, but emperor Aurelian managed to string an unprecedented series of military victories to restore the Roman Empire. This mini series will feature 3 parts, stay tuned.
🚩 Watch thousands of high quality documentaries on CuriosityStream: https://curiositystream.thld.co/historymarcheapr and use the code: HISTORYMARCHE when you sign up to get 30 days of FREE unlimited access.
🚩 I’m very pleased to have worked with Dr. Byron Waldron on this video. His research and incredible insight into the Crisis of the Third Century made this video possible. The Crisis of the Third Century was one of the darkest periods in Roman history. By 270 AD the empire had practically disintegrated, but emperor Aurelian managed to string an unprecedented series of military victories to restore the Roman Empire. This mini series will feature 3 parts, stay tuned.
🎄❄️ Watch thousands of high quality documentaries on CuriosityStream: https://curiositystream.thld.co/historymarchejan2021 and use the code: HISTORYMARCHE when you sign up to get 30 days of FREE unlimited access. 👇 Push down for more cool stuff 👇
This video is dedicated to my patrons who chose the topic for this video. As a way to thank you, I devoted more time than I normally do to researching and writing the narrative that totals at around 50-55 minutes in duration. Thank you for supporting my work!
The Battle of Catalaunian Fields was one of most enthralling military engagements in history. Doing research on this topic was amazingly fun. I highly recommend you check out the sources I used for this video, and give them the credit that they deserve. It’s thanks to them that we get to learn about these battles in such amazing detail.
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📝 Special thanks to Byron Waldron for researching and writing the script!
📢 Narrated by David McCallion
🎼 Music, courtesy of EpidemicSound
📝 Sources
Barnes, T. D. 1982: The New Empire of Diocletian and Constantine, Cambridge, MA & London.
– 1996: Emperors, Panegyrics, Prefects, Provinces and Palaces (284-317), JRA 9, 532-552.
Davenport, C. 2019: A History of the Roman Equestrian Order, Cambridge & New York.
De Blois, L. 2016: Rome and Persia in the Middle of the Third Century AD (230-266), in Slootjes & Peachin, Rome and the Worlds beyond Its Frontiers, 33-44.
– 2018: Image and Reality of Roman Imperial Power in the Third Century AD: The Impact of War, London.
Dignas, B. & E. Winter. 2007: Rome and Persia in Late Antiquity: Neighbours and Rivals, Cambridge & New York.
Dodgeon, M. H. & S. N. C. Lieu. 1991: The Roman Eastern Frontier and the Persian Wars AD 226-363: A Documentary History, London & New York.
Farrokh, K. 2005: Sassanian Elite Cavalry AD 224-642, Oxford & New York.
Frye, R. N. 1984: The History of Ancient Iran, Munich.
Leadbetter, W. 2009: Galerius and the Will of Diocletian, London & New York.
Waldron, B. 2018: Diocletian, Hereditary Succession and the Tetrarchic Dynasty, PhD Dissertation, University of Sydney.
Wilkinson, K. W. 2012 : The Sarmatian and the Indians: A New Satirical Epigram on the Victory Titles of Galerius, ZPE 183, 39-52.
Kyle Harper – Pandemics and Passages to Late Antiquity: Rethinking of the Plague of 249-70, described by Cyprian (Journal of Roman Archaeology 28 (2015)
