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📢 Narrated by David McCallion
🎼 Music: EpidemicSound Filmstro
📚 Sources: The Gibraltar Crusade: Castile and the Battle for the Strait – Joseph F. O’Callaghan (2011) The Reconquista: The History and Legacy of the Conflicts Between the Moors and Christians on the Iberian Peninsula – Charles River Editors (2018) The Reconquest of Spain – Derek Lomax (1978) The Portuguese in the Age of Discovery 1340-1665 – David Nicolle (2012)
🚩 If you like what you see, consider supporting my work on Patreon and you get ad-free early access to my videos for as little as $1 https://www.patreon.com/historymarche — You can also show your support by subscribing to the channel and liking the video. Thank you for watching.
The Battle of Ourique is a defining moment in the history of Portugal, as it was here that Afonso Henriques was on July 25, 1139, proclaimed the first King of Portugal by his troops after defeating the Moorish army. The significance of the battle of Ourique cannot be overstated for it secured the founding of the Kingdom of Portugal.
The five blue shields at the very centre of the flag of Portugal represent the five Moorish kings that were defeated by Portugal’s first King Afonso Henriques in the battle of Ourique 1139. The white central shield is the personal armor of this same King and was said to have been given to him in a vision of the crucified Christ on the eve of battle.
📢 Narrated by David McCallion
🎼 Music: EpidemicSound Filmstro
📚 Sources: The Reconquest Kings of Portugal: Political and Cultural Reorientation on the Medieval Frontier – Stephen Lay (2008) Between Silences: The Coronation of Portuguese Medieval Kings (12th–14th Centuries) – Carla Varela Fernandes (2020) The Teaching of military history at Portuguese universities: Pride and Prejudice – João Gouveia Monteiro (2021) The History of Medieval Portugal in the Deducao cronologica analitica – Filipe Alves Moreira (2022) The Kingdom of León-Castilla under King Alfonso VII, 1126–1157 – Bernard F. Reilly (1998) Between God and the King: The world of military orders – Isabel Cristina Ferreira Fernandes (2018) A History of Portugal and the Portuguese Empire, volume I, Cambridge University Press – Anthony Disney (2009) The Reconquista and Its Legacy, 1000-1348 – António Henriques (2017) Fantastic Stories of the History of Portugal – João Ferreira (2010)
Correction: 10:48 The location of the battle is heavily debated. Contemporary sources said that they do not know where the battle took place, only that it took place on “fields near Ourique”. But today many historians argue that Alfonso couldn’t lead a full military campaign in Alentejo with his limited resources, so deep in Muslim territory (he was only a count with a small realm). A more plausible location is suggested near Vila Chã de Ourique, which was closer to Portugal’s traditional lands. Nevertheless, historians are divided between Ourique in Alentejo and Vila Chã de Ourique further north – my opinion is that Vila Chã de Ourique is much more plausible.
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🚩 If you like what you see, consider supporting my work on Patreon and you get ad-free early access to my videos for as little as $1 https://www.patreon.com/historymarche — You can also show your support by subscribing to the channel and liking the video. Thank you for watching.
🚩 In early 13th century, crusade was a new concept in Iberia, just beginning to take hold and influence their approach to the regular warfare with their Muslim neighbors. However, the clash at Las Navas helped to solidify and expand the acceptance of crusade ideology in the minds of the Iberian Christians in the ensuing years. This was a turning point in the age of Reconquista…
📢 Narrated by David McCallion
🎼 Music: EpidemicSound Filmstro
📚 Sources Joseph F. O’Callaghan – A History of Medieval Spain Joseph F. O’Callaghan – Reconquest and Crusade in Medieval Spain George F. Nafziger, Mark W. Walton – Islam at War: A History Kenneth M. Setton et. al. – A History of the Crusades Vol. II: The Later Crusades
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Sources: • Stirling Bridge & Falkirk 1297-98 (Pete Armstrong). ISBN: 978-1-84176-510-5 • Robert the Bruce, King of Scots (Ronald McNair Scott). ISBN: 978-1-78211-177-1 • A Great and Terrible King: Edward I and the Forging of Britain (Marc Morris). ISBN: 978-0-091-79684-6 • The Hammer of the Scots: Edward I and the Scottish Wars of Independence (David Santiuste). ISBN: 978-1-78159-012-6 • Edward I (Michael Prestwich). ISBN: 978-0-300-07157-3 • William Wallace: Brave Heart (James MacKay). ISBN: 9781780574288
🚩 This video was produced in collaboration with Bulgarian Empire Mapping, check out their channel and give them the credit that they deserve! https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCD-0LPbxri4fSvd0UoisIfg – Big shout to BEM for collaborating with us on this video!
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🚩 In Part 3 the war spreads to Anatolia, as Brutus and Cassius attempt to subdue Rhodes and Lycia. The events trigger the formation of the Second Triumvirate…
🚩 Heraclius’ campaigns are an example of an indirect approach to war strategy. And although his gains would be swiftly lost in the wake of the Muslim Conquest, the method by which they were achieved would remain a point of pride in Byzantine military history.
📜 Sources: Howard-Johnston J. The Last Great War of Antiquity. Oxford University Press 2021. Kaegi W. Heraclius Emperor of Byzantium. Cambridge University Press 2003. Daryaee T. Sasanian Persia. IB Tauris 2009. Kaegi W. Byzantine Military Unrest 471-843. Adolf M Hakkert 1981. Kardaras G. Byzantium and the Avars, 6th-9th Century AD. Brill 2019. Luttwak E. The Grand Strategy of the Byzantine Empire. Belknap Press of Harvard University Press 2009. Pohl W. The Avars. Cornell University Press 2018. Pourshariati P. Decline and Fall of the Sasanian Empire. IB Tauris 2008. Reinink G, Stolte B (eds.). The Reign of Heraclius (610-641). Peeters 2002. Maksymiuk K. Geography of Roman-Iranian Wars. Uniwersytet Przyrodniczo-Humanistyczny w Siedlcach, Siedlce 2015. Greatrex G, Lieu S. The Roman Eastern Frontier and the Persian Wars: Part II AD 363-630. Routledge 2002.
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In Part 2 we continue the story of Caesar Augustus with the battle of Mutina, an event that transformed Octavian into a major political player of Rome.
🚩 This video was produced in collaboration with my friend Hoc Est Bellum https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCl5m12RUvypT4e7w-mWrzsA I’m very happy to be working together on a new series with Hoc Est Bellum! Check out his channel and give him the credit that he deserves.
➤ Sources
Appian – Historia Romana-Civil Wars
Plutarch – Life of Caesar
Caesar – De bello civili
Pharsalus, 48BC – Si Sheppard
➤ Music:
Music provided by No Copyright Music: https://www.youtube.com/c/royaltyfree…
Kevin MacLeod “The Descent”
Kevin MacLeod “Drums of the Deep”
LionFreeMusic “Dramatic War Tension Background Instrumental”
RoyaltyFreeZone “The guardians”
RoyaltyFreeZone “Monsters”
Abraham Cupeiro : Cornu de Pompeii (a small bit)
#Rome #Caesar #RomanEmpire #Pompey
This is the continuation of the mini series about “Caesar’s civil War”.
The battle of Pharsalus was the decisive engagement that cemented Caesars legacy and finalized the procedure of Rome’s transition from a Republic to an Empire.
Caesar’s civil war would continue even after Pharsalus but that was the turning point.
Few conflicts have rivaled the scale and destruction of the Punic wars fought between Rome and Carthage. In this first episode I set the stage for a conflict that will reshape history!
Sources:
“The Fall of Carthage” by Adrian Goldsworthy
“In the Name of Rome” by Adrian Goldsworthy
“The Rise of Rome” by Anthony Everitt
The gameplay comes from Total War: Rome 2
“Please note this is an unofficial video and is not endorsed by SEGA or the Creative Assembly in any way. For more information on Total War, please visit www.totalwar.com.”
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The Ottoman invasion of Europe was truly challenged for the first time during the Battle of Kosovo of 1389. The Serbs and other Balkan peoples alongside their allies from Western and Eastern Europe fought valiantly against overwhelming odds and although they lost, the foundation of the future resistance, that continued until the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire, was set. This battle was also remarkable due to the fact that leaders of both armies were killed during it. Prince Lazar Hrebeljanović died in the battle and Sultan Murad I was assassinated by the Serbian knight Miloš Obilić, who was killed shortly after. All three are considered martyrs by their people and the spirit of this battle is still part of the bitter animosity…
Sources used:
John V. A. Fine; John Van Antwerp Fine (1994). The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest. University of Michigan Press.
Ломоносов Матвей. Русские исторические источники Косовской битвы 1389 г.. — Пермь: Пермский госуниверситет, 2005
Inspired by: BazBattles, Invicta (THFE), Epic History TV and Historia Civilis
Songs used:
Ottoman Song – Uskudara Giderken
Dark Times – Kevin MacLeod
Magnus Ringblom – Ancient Sculptures in Church
Johannes Bornlof – Barbarians
Rannard Sillard – Deathmatch
Thank you to Invicta for their help making this series, and suppling all Total War game footage.
Game Engine: Total War: Rome II https://www.totalwar.com/
Buy the game here: http://geni.us/kiR7Nho
Epic History TV’s complete four-part history of Alexander the Great in one video. Follow the incredible story of the Macedonian king as he embarks on the total conquest of the ancient world’s greatest superpower, the Persian Empire. With dramatic victories at the Granicus, Issus and Gaugamela, Alexander defeats Darius III and claims the throne of Persia. But his campaign to subdue the empire’s easternmost provinces and reach the edge of the known world will take him into modern Afghanistan, Pakistan and the frontier of India, where he meets the Indian king Porus in battle at the Hydaspes. This is the complete overview of Alexander’s conquests, a 10 year period of immense drama and historical significance, as the young Macedonian king’s breathtaking achievements ushered in a new era in European and Middle Eastern history – the Hellenistic Age.
Special thanks to Chris Stevens for Gordian Knot footage!
Images:
Alexander the Great Mosaic Remastered – with thanks to Miłek Jakubiec
Parthenon – Dennis Jarvis via Flickr (CC BY-SA 2.0)
Socrates – Bar Harel via Wikimedia (CC BY-SA 4.0)
White Mountains of Crete – Tobias von der Haar via Flickr (CC BY-SA 2.0)
Acropolis – Aleksandr Zykov via Flickr (CC BY-SA 2.0)
Theatre of Dionysus – Sébastien Bertrand via Flickr (CC BY-SA 2.0)
Sparta – Ronny Siegel via Flickr (CC BY-SA 2.0)
Macedonian mountains – Novica Nakov via Flickr (CC BY-SA 2.0)
Vergina sun – SilentResident via Wikimedia (CC BY-SA 3.0)
Standard of Cyrus the Great – Sodacan via Wikimedia (CC BY-SA 3.0)
Golden Wheat – Mr Hicks46 via Flickr (CC BY-SA 2.0)
Knot – JP Davidson via Flickr (CC BY-SA 2.0)
Amun – Jeff Dahl via WM (CC BY-SA 2.0)
Columns – Marco Zanferrari, via Flickr (CC BY-SA 2.0)
JakubiecDoric Columns – Dimitry B. via Flickr (CC BY-SA 2.0)
Lar Plain, Iran – Ninara via Flickr (CC BY-SA 2.0)
Treasury Reliefs – Alan via Flickr (CC BY-SA 2.0)
Columns by Matt Sherlock via Flickr (CC BY-SA 2.0)
Hindu Kush Scene by 401st_AFSB via Flickr (CC BY-SA 2.0)
Baluchistan by Beluchistan via Flickr (CC BY-SA 2.0)
Bust of Alexander the Great by shakko via Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 3.0)
Ruins at Pergamon by Peter via Flickr (CC BY-SA 2.0)
Hephaestion Digital image courtesy of the Getty’s Open Content Program.
📖 Caesar’s Civil War (49–45 BC), was one of the last politico-military conflicts in the Roman Republic before the establishment of the Roman Empire. The war was a four-year-long politico-military struggle, fought in Italy, Illyria, Greece, Egypt, Africa, and Hispania. In a series of battles over the years, Caesar defeated his enemies (the Optimates) and became Dictator for life. The changes to Roman government eliminated the political traditions of the Roman Republic (509–27 BC) and led to the Roman Empire (27 BC–AD 476).
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Battle of Vaslui – It is the dead of winter, January 10th 1475. On this day Stefan III, the Prince of Moldavia, leads an army of 30.000 Christian warriors into battle against an invading army of more than 50.000 Ottomans, commanded by Suleiman Pasha, the governor-general of Rumelia. Suleiman was sent by the Ottoman Sultan, Mehmed II – the Conqueror, to permanently crush all resistance and re-establish Ottoman control over Moldavia, after it’s ruler Prince Stefan III stopped paying tribute and began hostile operations against the Ottoman Empire. Suleiman’s army is confident of victory, but the crafty Prince of Moldavia will soon become one of the few men in history who faced such unfavorable odds and yet managed to seriously threaten the mighty Ottoman Empire. Years of conflict between the Princedom of Moldavia and the Ottoman Empire has reached the snow-covered plain near the town of Vaslui , and a battle known locally as the Battle of the High Bridge is about to begin…
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Special thanks to our patrons:
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Narration:
Alexander Doddy – www.alexanderdoddy.com
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Mongol invasion of Europe was swift even by todays standards. In roughly 6 years, Subotai and Batu Khan conquered most of the Russian principalities and then proceeded to invade Central Europe…
Main Sources:
David Nicolle – Hungary and the Fall of Eastern Europe
James Chambers – The Devil’s Horsemen
Stephen Turnbull – Genghis Khan & The Mongol Conquests
Learn more about Steve at https://www.stevespanglerscience.com/ Through the years, a lot has happened at Steve Spangler Science. We set a Guinness World Record, took 100 teachers on an Alaskan cruise, gave 700 people the experience of laying on a bed of nails, started a war with potato guns, and even had the police called on us… a few times! Here is a look at a few of the fun moments we’ve had!
