ESA’s Euclid celebrates first science with sparkling cosmic views

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ESA is releasing a new set of full-colour images captured by the space telescope Euclid. Five new portraits of our cosmos were captured during Euclid’s early observations phase, each revealing amazing new science. Euclid’s ability to unravel the secrets of the cosmos is something you will not want to miss.

Credits: ESA – European Space Agency

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#ESA #Euclid #DarkMatter

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14 Comments

  1. Word to production. Don't waste our time and your money with the time wasting musical production at the first of the video (30 seconds). I came here for the science and news not childish attempt to seem fancy. Science doesn't need much of an intro. And that production was a waste. I just fast forwarded to the speaking.

  2. Newton's law of universal gravitation is incompatible with Special Relativity as it fundamentally differs and does not integrate into General Relativity. Fritz Zwicky first described "Dark Matter" in 1933 at Mount Wilson, the same location where Edwin Hubble conducted his observations using Newton's laws for a three-body system: Earth, Moon, and Sun. General Relativity, which relies on frame locality within curved spacetime, employs complex dynamics far removed from Newton's simpler formula: F = GMm/R^2 (where M and m are masses and R is the radius) – a stark contrast to Einstein's approach. Newton built on the work of Poisson and Galileo.

    Einstein changed the game with Minkowski Relativity and Minkowski Space-Time, naming Machs Theorem what it is as no term previously existed yet the idea, resonated with Mileva Maric and Albert Einstein as lovers at the Zurich Polytechnic, where they both committed to producing Special Relativity and too much work, consuming too much of Mileva's life that her grades suffered and with a daughter she had to adopt to her cousin, and 2 boys, too much for Albert? Work required him to move, to work in a Patent office.. at the limits of love's boundary… their frame of reference began to lose locality and eventually simply vanished.

    General Relativity is crafted to align with Special Relativity, incorporating Lorentz transformations that elucidate length contraction and time dilation at relativistic speeds nearing light speed. Lorentz's work would later be eclipsed by Chaos theory, which underpins Machine Learning and AI, utilizing complex numbers to navigate approximations in percentages rather than absolute terms (vanishing/reducibility) and boundary conditions.

    The prime example of a field theory is Einstein’s general relativity itself, according to which the acceleration due to gravity is a purely geometric consequence of the properties of space-time in the neighbourhood of attracting masses. (general relativity makes certain specific predictions that are borne out of and by observation.) In a whole class of more general theories, these and other effects not predicted by simple Newtonian theory are characterized by free parameters; such formulations are called parameterized post-Newtonian (PPN) theories. There is now considerable experimental and observational evidence for limits to the parameters.

    Field theories of gravity predict specific corrections to the Newtonian force law, the corrections taking two basic forms:

    (1) When matter is in motion, additional gravitational fields (analogous to the magnetic fields produced by moving electric charges) are produced; also, moving bodies interact with gravitational fields in a motion-dependent way.

    (2) Unlike electromagnetic field theory, in which two or more electric or magnetic fields superimpose by simple addition to give the total fields, in gravitational field theory nonlinear fields proportional to the second and higher powers of the source masses are generated, and gravitational fields proportional to the products of different masses are created. Gravitational fields themselves become sources for additional gravitational fields.

    In a field theory, the gravitational force between bodies is formed by a two-step process:

    (1) One body produces a gravitational field that permeates all surrounding space but has weaker strength farther from its source. A second body in that space is then acted upon by this field and experiences a force.

    (2) The Newtonian force of reaction is then viewed as the response of the first body to the gravitational field produced by the second body, there being at all points in space a superposition of gravitational fields due to all the bodies in it.

    Physical quantities have to be defined in such a way that certain combinations of them—in particular, distance, time, mass, and momentum—are independent of the choice of space-time coordinates. This theory, with the field theory of electrical and magnetic phenomena, has met such empirical success that most modern gravitational theories are constructed as field theories consistent with the principles of special relativity.

    In general relativity, one cannot describe the energy and momentum of the gravitational field by an energy-momentum tensor. Instead, one introduces objects that behave as tensors only concerning restricted coordinate transformations. Strictly speaking, such objects are not tensors at all. A famous example of such a pseudo tensor is the Landau–Lifshitz pseudo tensor.

    In Riemannian geometry and pseudo-Riemannian geometry, the trace-free Ricci tensor (also called traceless Ricci tensor) of a Riemannian or pseudo-Riemannian n-manifold (M,g) is the tensor.

    The vanishing of trace-free Ricci tensor characterizes Einstein manifolds, as defined by the condition Ric = λg for a number λ. In general relativity, this equation states that (M, g) is a solution of Einstein's vacuum field equations with cosmological constant.

    Einstein’s Field Equation (EFE) is a ten-component tensor equation which relates local space-time curvature with local energy and momentum. In short, they determine the metric tensor of spacetime given the arrangement of stress-energy in space-time.

    n Newtonian mechanics may be solved by algebra alone. In relativity, however, an object's length and the rate at which time passes both changes appreciably as the object's speed approaches the speed of light, meaning that more variables and more complicated mathematics are required to calculate the object's motion. As a result, relativity requires the use of concepts such as vectors, tensors, pseudotensors and curvilinear coordinates.

    Newton postulated an attractive force between all massive bodies (thy liketh big ..endropy.. thy shall not deny), acting at a distance without direct contact.

    All bodies accelerate towards Earth at the same rate under gravity. Newton aimed to develop a potential theory for the mathematical representation of gravitational fields, which would facilitate both practical and theoretical exploration of gravitational variations in space and anomalies due to Earth's irregularities and shape deformations. However, he did not complete this, leading to the issue that Newton's gravitational tensor, when applied in General Relativity or beyond three-body calculations, encounters anomalies and fails to account for Mass correctly Newton had no idea of Minkowski Rhiemann Ricci and would have laughed at spacetime, thus old G is inadequate it would seem in General Relativity.

    The expansion of the universe, first published and described by Monseigneur Georges Lemaître: Soldier, Scientist, Priest. In 1927 first proposed a theory of the expansion of the universe to explain galaxy redshifts, in advance of being misattributed to Edwin Hubble. Lemaître published the original version of the Hubble Law, and produced the first estimate of the Hubble constant, arrived at the idea via observations of nature and fascination with mathematics. The Big Bang, named by Fred Hoyle in 1949 is poignant, as Father Lemaître witnessed history's largest artillery battle in WWI.

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