It has spawned a host of songs from crooners to alternative rock bands. One of the best loved chocolate bars in the United Kingdom is named after it. Yet how much to we really know about the Milky Way and just how important is it?
We could be close to many answers about the galaxy thanks to a new satellite named Gaia, being launched by the European Space Agency.
“One fundamental step to understand our universe is to understand our closer universe, which is the galaxy,” explained Guiseppe Sarri who is the project manager of ESA’s Gaia project.
Gaia will scan the sky with powerful new eyes, mapping the Milky Way in unprecedented detail. It will help produce a detailed 3D image of the galaxy, something which has never been done before.
Olhando para o céu durante a noite é possível ver milhares de estrelas. Mas muito para além das visíveis existem milhões de outras escondidas na escuridão. Mais fracas, mais distantes, e profundamente misteriosas.
Podemos estar perto de as descobrir graças a um novo satélite denominado Gaia, que está a ser lançado pela Agência Espacial Europeia.
“Um passo fundamental para compreender o universo é entender o nosso universo mais próximo, a galáxia”, explicou Guiseppe Sarri, gestor do projeto Gaia da Agência Espacial Europeia.
O Gaia vai conseguir ver o céu com uns poderosos novos olhos e criar um mapa detalhado da galáxia em 3D. Algo nunca antes visto na astronomia.
Os astrónomos estão entusiasmados já que o satélite promete uma revolução. Vai observar, mapear e medir mil milhões de estrelas no total.
Para isso o satélite vai transportar a maior câmera digital que alguma vez voou para o espaço. Como Guiseppe Sarri salientou: “Estamos a falar de estrelas que são 400 mil vezes mais fracas do que as que podemos ver a olho nu.”
O grande número de dados recolhidos na missão deve ajudar os astrónomos a resolver alguns dos maiores quebra-cabeças no universo. Tais como a forma exata da nossa galáxia e os mistérios da matéria negra – a força oculta que molda o universo. O mapa da Via Láctea do satélite Gaia vai deixar o universo um pouco menos misterioso, mas nem por isso menos belo.
Les milliards d’étoiles de notre Voie lactée forment un labyrinthe dont nous avons du mal à appréhender l’étendue. Pour faire progresser les connaissances sur notre galaxie, l’Agence spatiale européenne mène la mission Gaia, du nom d’un satellite capable de scanner le ciel avec une précision extraordinaire, au moins mille fois supérieure à celle des observations depuis le sol.
L’engin construit par Astrium à Toulouse et lancé depuis Kourou en Guyane française va réaliser une première en astronomie en établissant une carte 3D détaillée de la Voie lactée : il calculera la position relative, la trajectoire et la vitesse d’un milliard d’étoiles. Ce qui correspond à 1% de l’ensemble des étoiles peuplant notre galaxie.
Pour l’aider dans ses observations, Gaia dispose de la plus grande caméra numérique jamais conçue pour une mission spatiale et comme point de référence, du plus grand téléscope de l’observatoire du Pic du Midi dans les Pyrénées.
Grâce à cette mission, les astronomes espèrent résoudre de grandes énigmes, notamment établir avec exactitude, la structure en spirale de la Voie lactée et trouver la trace de la matière noire, cette force invisible qui façonne notre univers.
NASA hosted a news briefing at 2 p.m. EDT Monday, Oct. 28, to discuss the upcoming launch of the agency’s next mission to Mars and the first devoted to understanding the upper atmosphere of the Red Planet.
MAVEN is scheduled to launch at 1:28 p.m. EST Nov. 18 from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in Florida. MAVEN’s data will be used to study the history and change of Mars’ atmosphere, climate, and planetary habitability.
Briefing participants were:
– John Grunsfeld, associate administrator for the Science Mission Directorate, NASA Headquarters, Washington
– Jim Green, director, Planetary Science Division, Headquarters
– Lisa May, MAVEN program executive, Headquarters
– Kelly Fast, MAVEN program scientist, Headquarters
– Bruce Jakosky, MAVEN principal investigator, University of Colorado Boulder Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics
– David Mitchell, MAVEN project manager, NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md.
From the highest volcano to the deepest canyon, from impact craters to ancient river beds and lava flows, this showcase of images from ESA’s Mars Express takes you on an unforgettable journey across the Red Planet.
Mars Express was launched on 2 June 2003 and arrived at Mars six-and-a-half months later. It has since orbited the planet nearly 12 500 times, providing scientists with unprecedented images and data collected by its suite of scientific instruments.
The data have been used to create an almost global digital topographic model of the surface, providing a unique visualisation and enabling researchers to acquire new and surprising information about the evolution of the Red Planet.
The images in this movie were taken by the High Resolution Stereo Camera and the video was released by the DLR German Aerospace Center as part of the ten years of Mars Express celebrations in June 2013. The music has been created by Stephan Elgner of DLR’s Mars Express planetary cartography team. DLR developed and is operating the stereo camera.
With the government shutdown over, Administrator Charlie Bolden welcomed employees back to the work of NASA’s mission. Bolden visited Goddard Space Flight Center with Maryland Senator Barbara Mikulski for an update on several projects, including the Global Precipitation Measurement mission, the Magnetospheric Multiscale spacecraft and the James Webb Space Telescope. Bolden also visited Mississippi to thank employees at Stennis Space Center for their critical engineering and testing work on the agency’s next generation rocket engines and the staff of the NASA Shared Services Center for their support of the agency during the shutdown. Also, While we were away, Cygnus Completes!, MAVEN in Waiting, SLS Tests, and More Arctic Sea Ice!
Blowing up balloons can be quite the task. You’ll spend a ton of time huffing and puffing while blowing your breath into the rubbery orb. Don’t waste all of that time and energy making yourself light-headed! Try dropping a piece of dry ice into a balloon instead, and watch what happens.
ESA is looking to the future of space exploration using robots ranging from small humanoid robots to larger construction robots with varying degrees of autonomy and flexibility.
This animation shows advanced concepts of robots designed to explore, prepare and help humans in the very harsh conditions found on the Moon and beyond. For many of the concepts shown, ESA has already developed real-life prototypes, including the multifunctional wheels seen on the first robot in this video.
In this 3 Minute Thinking video Dr Sanjay Modgil imagines a future full of new technology and asks fundamental questions about artificial intelligence.
This animation highlights some of the many discoveries made by ESA’s Planck space telescope over its 4.5 year observing career, from new discoveries in our home Milky Way Galaxy stretching back to the first few moments after the Big Bang 13.82 billion years ago.
Time-lapse sequences from the deployment test of the Gaia Deployable Sunshield Assembly (DSA) on 10 October 2013, in the cleanroom at Europe’s spaceport in Kourou.
Since the DSA will operate in microgravity, it is not designed to support its own weight in the one-g environment at Earth’s surface. Therefore, during deployment testing on the ground, the DSA panels are attached to a system of support cables and counterweights that bears their weight, preventing damage and providing a realistic test environment.
Once in space, the sunshield has two purposes: to shade Gaia’s sensitive telescopes and cameras, and to provide power to operate the spacecraft. Gaia will always point away from the Sun, so the underside of the skirt is partially covered with solar panels to generate electricity.
Gaia Deployable Sunshield Assembly (DSA) integrated onto the spacecraft and undergoing deployment testing at Astrium Toulouse. Since the DSA will operate in microgravity, it is not designed to support its own weight in the one-g environment at Earth’s surface. During deployment testing, the DSA panels are attached to a system of support cables and counterweights that bears their weight, preventing damage and providing a realistic test environment. The support system is clearly visible in the video.
As the DSA deploys, the flight model thermal tent comes into view and the mechanically representative dummy payload can be seen through the aperture in the tent. Towards the end of the deployment sequence, the flight model service module comes into view.
This test demonstrated correctness of alignment following integration, confirmed the deployment functionality and verified the flatness of the deployed DSA.
The video shows an edited, time-lapse sequence from the deployment of the DSA during a test campaign; the entire deployment sequence takes about 20 minutes.
Here’s an easy-to-do experiment using only a balloon and a hex nut from the hardware store. This is the perfect science of sound activity because kids will love it and parents will be left shouting, “STOP!” Be sure to buy enough supplies for all of your friends. This is also the perfect Halloween experiment for making spooky sounds.
Located in Frascati, Italy, ESRIN — known as the ESA Centre for Earth Observation — is one of the five ESA specialised centres situated in Europe.
The mission and payload operations of ESA’s Earth observation satellites are managed here and ESRIN is the primary source for the acquisition, distribution and exploitation of data from these and other non-ESA satellites.
Within ESRIN, a key role in Europe’s space effort has been undertaken with the development of the new small launcher, Vega, which took its maiden voyage in February 2012.
ESRIN designs and develops all ESA-wide software for corporate applications and is responsible for developing security measures for classified space programmes.
The European Centre for Space Records (ECSR) is also based at ESRIN. The ECSR appraises and preserves the valuable technical records of completed ESA projects together with their management archives to safeguard this valuable knowledge for generations to come.
Finally, ESRIN is home to ESA’s Near-Earth Object Coordination Centre. The centre serves as the central access point to a network of European near-Earth object data sources and information providers being established under ESA’s Space Situational Awareness (SSA) Programme.
This animation tracks Rosetta’s journey through the Solar System, using gravity slingshots from Earth and Mars to reach its final destination: Comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko. Rosetta made three flybys of Earth, on 4 March 2005, 13 November 2007 and 13 November 2009, and one of Mars, on 25 February 2007. Rosetta has also visited two asteroids, taking extensive close-up images of 2867 Steins on 5 September 2008 and 21 Lutetia on 10 July 2010. Once the spacecraft is woken up from deep space hibernation on 20 January 2014, it will head for rendezvous with the comet in May. In November the Philae probe will be deployed to the comet surface. Rosetta will follow the comet to its closest distance to the Sun on 13 August 2015 and as it moves back towards the outer Solar System. The nominal mission end is December 2015.
Credits: ESA
An Ninety Second Philosophy Introduction to the series of thought experiments on Artificial Intelligence, The Turing Test and The Chinese Room.
Interested in technology and consciousness? Check out the first play in this book: http://www.amazon.com/lol-other-modern-devised-plays/dp/1484144457
Information for this video gathered from The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy, The Oxford Dictionary of Philosophy and more!
Information for this video gathered from The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy, The Oxford Dictionary of Philosophy and more!
It looks like an ordinary glass of water… crystal clear water. But hiding just below the surface of the water is an amazing collection of large, jelly-like marbles that become invisible when submerged in water. The Jelly Marbles become invisible due to an identical index of refraction with the liquid. In other words, they vanish like magic! As you’ll see, there’s more to this experiment than meets the eye.
Everyone knows that water can’t flow uphill. Not so fast… When a small amount of Polyox (polyethylene oxide) is mixed with water, it dissolves, forming a thick, slippery, gooey, mucous-like gel. Oh, the visual imagery! When the gel is poured back and forth between two beakers, the gel mysteriously siphons from the higher held beaker to the lower one. Maybe water can flow uphill. You have to play with the stuff to believe it.
Members of the CAVES 2013 crew talk about exploring inside the Sa Grutta cave – comparing their experience to arriving on the surface of a planet like Mars, where you don’t quite know what to expect.
CAVES, ESA’s unique training programme for astronauts, takes place over a couple of weeks in Sardinia’s Supramonte. Six astronauts spend two weeks deep in caves, in the dark and cold. They are separated from the outside world, doing scientific research and daily tasks together, as a group, just like in space. Moving in the cave system is also comparable to spacewalking with the use of harnesses and safety devices.
Read more about CAVES on our dedicated website (esa.int/caves) and read more about the CAVES 2013 campaign in the blog (blogs.esa.int/CAVES2013)
When it comes to the origins of the Universe, there’s one idea that really captures our imagination: everything, even time itself, started with the Big Bang.
The concept of the Big Bang is difficult to describe and problematic to measure, however that’s exactly what two major projects have set out to do: one on Earth, the Large Hadron Collider at CERN, the other in space, ESA’s Planck mission.
In this edition of Space, Euronews gets to the heart of the matter and attempts to discover how matter and everything in the Universe came into being.
We speak with experts from the CERN, Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, Sorbonne University and ESA, all studying how the Universe works.
Πώς δημιουργήθηκε το σύμπαν; Πρόκειται για ένα αιώνιο ερώτημα, με απαντήσεις που ξεπερνούν κάθε φαντασία. Όλοι μιλούν για το περίφημο Big Bang. Τι είναι όμως αυτό; Τι ακριβώς συνέβη;
Ακόμα και οι επιστήμονες διαφωνούν. “Το Big Bang με τον σημερινό τρόπο σκέψης είναι κάτι σαν το σημείο εκκίνησης, η στιγμή που δημιουργήθηκε το σύμπαν”, λέει ένας, αλλά διευκρινίζει: “Πώς συνέβη αυτό και τι ακριβώς υπήρχε εκείνη τη χρονική στιγμή εκεί, είναι κάτι που δεν είναι ακόμη απόλυτα γνωστό”. Ωστόσο ένας άλλος επισημαίνει: “Το Big Bang θα έλεγα ότι είναι μια ιδέα. Δεν είναι μια χρονική στιγμή”.
Εάν είναι δύσκολο να περιγράψει κανείς αυτή καθεαυτή την έννοια του Big Bang, είναι ακόμα πιο δύσκολο να την μελετήσει με επιστημονικά πειράματα. Αλλά αυτό ακριβώς έχουν σκοπό να κάνουν δύο μεγάλα πειράματα της εποχής μας. Το ένα από αυτά είναι στη Γη, το άλλο στο διάστημα.
Στις εγκαταστάσεις του CERN, κοντά στην Γενεύη, έχει δημιουργηθεί ο Μεγάλος Επιταχυντής Αδρονίων. Εκεί ανακαλύφθηκε πέρυσι το μποζόνιο Χιγκς, το σωματίδιο που δίνει μάζα στην ύλη και αποδεικνύει την ύπαρξη του πεδίου Χιγκς. “Εάν δείτε το επίπεδο ενέργειας στο οποίο φτάνουμε και το είδος των μαζών που μπορούμε να δημιουργήσουμε με αυτό το πείραμα, θα πρέπει να πηγαίνουμε σε ένα σημείο, κάτι σαν ένα δισεκατομμυριοστό του δευτερολέπτου μετά το Big Bang, επομένως κοντά, πολύ κοντά στο Big Bang”, εξηγούν οι επιστήμονες του CERN.
Ενώ στο CERN συγκρούονται μικροσκοπικά σωματίδια, ο δορυφόρος Planck της Ευρωπαϊκής Υπηρεσίας Διαστημικής, προσπαθεί σε μια επική αναζήτηση να ανιχνεύσει τα απομεινάρια του φωτός από το Big Bang. Την άνοιξη η ομάδα του Planck δημοσιοποίησε αυτό που θεωρείται ως ο απόλυτος χάρτης της κοσμικής μικροκυματικής ακτινοβολίας.Δείχνει πώς ήταν το σύμπαν μόλις 380.000 χρόνια μετά το Big Bang.
Το φως που ταξιδεύει σε εμάς από την έναρξη του σύμπαντος και τα σωματίδια που σπάνε σε έναν γιγάντιο επιταχυντή είναι οι μαρτυρίες στις οποίες βασιζόμαστε για να αντιληφθούμε την θεωρία του Big Bang και όσων το ακολούθησαν. Αλλά λένε αυτές οι μαρτυρίες τα ίδια πράγματα; ή μήπως καταλήγουν σε διαφορετικά συμπεράσματα;
Η εικόνα μας για το πρώιμο σύμπαν απέχει ωστόσο ακόμα από το να είναι πλήρης. Υπάρχουν πολλά εκκρεμή ζητήματα και ανωμαλίες. Και αυτό είναι ένα ζήτημα στο οποίο ακόμα και οι ίδιοι οι επιστήμονες σε ορισμένες περιπτώσεις σηκώνουν τα χέρια ψηλά…
Quando se trata da origem do universo, há uma ideia que realmente capta a nossa atenção. Que é a seguinte: tudo, até mesmo o próprio tempo, começou com o Big Bang. Se o conceito de Big Bang é difícil de descrever é ainda mais difícil de medir e testar através de uma experiência científica. Mas é exatamente isso que dois dos principais projetos do nosso tempo pretendem fazer. Um deles está na terra, o outro no espaço. Na Terra, essa experiência está no CERN, perto de Genebra.
It’s a demonstration that almost has to be seen in person to believe. Otherwise, you’re likely to say, “It’s fake… there’s no way that could happen!” As you’re watching the video, please remember that there is absolutely no trick photography. When disbelievers see the demonstration performed, the reaction is nothing short of astonishing. Based on our past experience, we know that color mixing is not a reversible process. Mix red and blue and you make purple. Separating the colors back into their original form is not only tricky but incomprehensible for many of us. Watch the video… you’ll see why we call it a “Twist in Time.”
ESA operates some of the world’s most sophisticated deep-space tracking stations, enabling spacecraft to maintain contact with Earth while voyaging deep into our Solar System. The essential task of all ESA stations is to communicate with our missions, sending telecommands and receiving vital scientific data and spacecraft status information.
The Agency’s three Deep Space Antenna (DSA) stations are located in Australia, Spain and Argentina, and are centrally controlled from the ESOC Operations Centre in Germany. They are equipped with large, 35 m-diameter parabolic dish reflectors, weighing in at 610 tonnes, that can be rotated and pointed with extreme accuracy.
Using signal data from the stations and an advanced navigational technique known as ‘delta-DOR’, engineers can pinpoint the orbit of a spacecraft exploring Mars or Venus – a distance of over 100 million kilometres from Earth – to an accuracy within 1 kilometre.
At the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan, Expedition 37/38 Soyuz Commander Oleg Kotov and Flight Engineer Sergey Ryazanskiy of the Russian Federal Space Agency (Roscosmos) and NASA Flight Engineer Michael Hopkins conducted their final fit check “dress rehearsal” in their Soyuz TMA-10M spacecraft and conducted other ceremonial activities Sept. 20. The Soyuz spacecraft was mated to its booster rocket on Sept. 22, and moved to the launch pad on a railcar Sept. 23 for final preparations before launch to the International Space Station on Sept. 26, Kazakh time. The trio will spend five and a half months onboard ISS, joining station Commander Fyodor Yurchikhin of Roscosmos, Flight Engineer Karen Nyberg of NASA and Flight Engineer Luca Parmitano of the European Space Agency. The footage also includes interviews at the launch pad Sept. 23 with Joel Montalbano, Deputy ISS Program Manager, and Ellen Ochoa, Director of the Johnson Space Center.
Created by Ray Dalio this simple but not simplistic and easy to follow 30 minute, animated video answers the question, “How does the economy really work?” Based on Dalio’s practical template for understanding the economy, which he developed over the course of his career, the video breaks down economic concepts like credit, deficits and interest rates, allowing viewers to learn the basic driving forces behind the economy, how economic policies work and why economic cycles occur.
A NASA Mars Curiosity rover team member gives an update on developments and status of the planetary exploration mission. The Mars Science Laboratory spacecraft delivered Curiosity to its target area on Mars at 1:31:45 a.m. EDT on Aug. 6, 2012 which includes the 13.8 minutes needed for confirmation of the touchdown to be radioed to Earth at the speed of light. The rover will conduct a nearly two-year prime mission to investigate whether the Gale Crater region of Mars ever offered conditions favorable for microbial life.
Curiosity carries 10 science instruments with a total mass 15 times as large as the science payloads on NASA’s Mars rovers Spirit and Opportunity. Some of the tools, such as a laser-firing instrument for checking rocks’ elemental composition from a distance, are the first of their kind on Mars. Curiosity will use a drill and scoop, which are located at the end of its robotic arm, to gather soil and powdered samples of rock interiors, then sieve and parcel out these samples into the rover’s analytical laboratory instruments.
Orbital Sciences Corporation’s Cygnus cargo craft launched aboard the company’s Antares rocket from Wallops Flight Facility on a demonstration mission to the International Space Station. The Cygnus demo mission is part of NASA’s Commercial Orbital Transportation Services program to develop viable partnerships to resupply the space station. Also, Closing In On Launch, Curiosity Rover Update, Innovation & Tech Day, National Aerospace Week, A New Partner, Business to Business, Hip Hop Physics and more!
As a penny balances precariously on the hook of a wire hanger, you might think any sort of movement would send the penny flying. With a bit of physics know-how, you can spin the entire hanger around in a circle without losing the 1¢ coin. When it comes down to it, you just need to thank Sir Isaac Newton.
During a press briefing at NASA headquarters, scientists announced that the Voyager 1 spacecraft has officially left our solar bubble and has reached interstellar space. The Voyager Interstellar Mission (VIM) seeks to extend NASA’s exploration of the solar system beyond the outer planets — to the outer limits of the Sun’s sphere of influence, and possibly beyond. Voyager 1 and its twin Voyager 2 were launched 16 days apart in 1977. Also, Off the Earth, For the Earth, Comings and Goings, Flight Of Cygnus, Rockets 2 Racecars, InSight Landing Sites and more!
NASA’s Voyager 1 spacecraft has traveled beyond our solar bubble and has entered interstellar space. During a NASA Headquarters briefing, the Voyager team assessing the data determined the craft is in a transitional region immediately outside the solar bubble where some effects from our sun are still evident. New, unexpected data indicate that Voyager 1 has been traveling through the plasma, or ionized gas, that originates in the space between the stars. The spacecraft is now bathed in interstellar plasma, the material ejected from the death of nearby stars millions of years ago. Speakers on the occasion were – Ed Stone- Voyager project scientist, California Institute of Technology; Don Gurnett – Voyager plasma wave investigation principal investigator, University of Iowa; Suzanne Dodd – Voyager project manager, Jet Propulsion Laboratory; and Gary Zank, physics department chair, University of Alabama in Huntsville.
During the Living Planet Symposium 2013 in Edinburgh, UK, Shubha Sathyendranath, Science Leader of the Ocean Colour CCI project, joined us to discuss ocean colour and the Climate Change Initiative.
Discover more about our planet with the Earth from Space video programme. During the Living Planet Symposium 2013 in Edinburgh, UK, David Parker, Chief Executive of the UK Space Agency, joined us to discuss the collaborative relationship with ESA.
(This replaces a previously published version – sound has been corrected)
Grow and color jelly-like crystals, then layer them in a plastic tube so you can see the colors blend and change. Our baby soda bottle “test tube” makes it easy to see the scientific results, and it’s small enough to carry your “rainbow” wherever you go! Included is a science activity guide to teach you all about crystals and color!
LADEE, the Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer robotic probe launched Friday night atop an Orbital Sciences Corporation Minotaur V rocket. The first deep space mission from Wallops Flight Facility, LADEE will orbit the moon to collect information about its atmosphere and environmental influences on lunar dust. Data from LADEE will help scientists better understand other planetary bodies in our solar system. Also, Antares Update, Asteroid Ideas Selected, MAVEN’s Wings, Next ISS Crew, Testing, Testing!, Lori Garver Farewell, Be Prepared! and more!
Steve’s son, Jack Spangler, decided that it is just too hard to pour soft drinks by turning a 2-liter bottle of soda upside down. The bottle is just too heavy. So Jack decided to use the power of Mentos and Diet Coke to fill 6 glasses at once and solve his problem. It’s a fun, creative, hands-on way to utilize the epic Mentos Geyser in a way that harnesses it for your drinking pleasure.
NASA prepares for the launch of the Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer or LADEE probe to the moon. Also, a new crew of ISS Astronauts meet the Media, and the Spitzer and WISE Telescopes get ready to help in the search for asteroids. These stories and more on This Week @NASA
Earth from Space is presented by Kelsea Brennan-Wessels from the ESA Web-TV virtual studios. In the seventy-fifth edition, we explore Lake Tuz on the Anatolian peninsula.
The Energy Stick makes quite the “buzz” when you’re using it. To the untrained eye, it appears to be a plastic tube with a jumble of wires inside and two silver bands at each end. Well, those silver bands are actually electrodes. All the wires on the inside? They’re a solid state sensing circuit, tone generator, sound transducer, battery power supply, and LED lights. The perfect use for the Energy Stick is as a simple, yet fun, tool for learning about continuity and circuits. So… how do you turn it on?
