Take a look at Sophie Adenot’s journey over the past year and a half as she prepares for her mission to the International Space Station, currently planned for spring 2026.
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📸 ESA – Sophie Adenot
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Tag: astronaut training
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Experiencing zero gravity on Earth
Ever wondered how astronauts prepare for the weightlessness of space? In Bordeaux, France, our astronauts train for microgravity using parabolic flights! These special flights create brief periods of zero gravity, mimicking the conditions of space.
By performing a series of steep climbs and descents, the plane allows astronauts to experience intense 2G forces before entering a 22-second weightless phase! This crucial training helps future astronauts adapt to moving, working, and even jumping in zero gravity.
Join us as we follow Rosemary Coogan, Sławosz Uznański-Wiśniewski, and John McFall on their parabolic flight training.
Credits: ESA – European Space Agency
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Why these volunteers are in bed for 60 days straight
A group of volunteers is spending two months lying in bed—with their feet up and one shoulder always touching the mattress—even while eating, showering, and using the toilet. But why? This extreme bedrest study is helping scientists understand how space travel affects the human body and how to keep astronauts healthy on long missions.
Microgravity causes muscle and bone loss, fluid shifts, and other physiological changes similar to those experienced by bedridden patients on Earth. By studying volunteers here on Earth, researchers can develop better countermeasures for astronauts and even improve treatments for medical conditions like osteoporosis.
In this study, participants are divided into three groups: one stays in bed with no exercise, another cycles in bed to mimic astronaut workouts, and a third cycles while being spun in a centrifuge to simulate artificial gravity. Scientists hope artificial gravity could become a key tool in protecting astronauts during deep-space missions.
Could you handle 60 days in bed for the sake of space exploration? Let us know in the comments!
Credits: ESA – European Space Agency
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Floating in zero gravity… on Earth? 🌍 How is that possible?
Air Zero G’s parabolic flights create a weightless environment by flying along a curved path called a parabola. This short period of weightlessness lasts about 22 seconds, during which people and experiments on board the parabolic flight can experience the same weightlessness as astronauts in orbit on the International Space Station.
The price to pay for this free-floating freedom is two short periods of hypergravity, during which everything weighs almost double for 20 seconds: first when the aircraft pulls up sharply and then again when it pulls out sharply afterwards to return to a normal flight path.
Each parabola takes about one minute to complete and is repeated 31 times in one flight, providing a total of about ten minutes of zero-gravity.
The flights provide European scientists with access to a repeatable, low-gravity research environment. Hundreds of experiments have flown over thousands of parabolas, enabling extensive scientific endeavours across many disciplines and resulting in a huge legacy of publications.
📹 ESA – European Space Agency
📸 ESA/Novespace
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Would you spend 60 days in a submarine? 🌊
From the deep sea to outer space! Submarines are helping scientists’ study how humans adapt to extreme environments — just like astronauts on long space missions.
What we learn underwater today could shape the future of space exploration tomorrow.
📹 ESA – European Space Agency
📸 ESA/Portuguese Space Agency/Portuguese Navy#ESA #Submarine #SpaceExploration
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How do you cross a module in space? 🙃 #shorts
European Space Agency astronaut Samantha Cristoforetti shared this video on social media with the caption: How do you cross a module in space? 🙃
📹 ESA – S. Cristoforetti
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What is it like to train as an astronaut?🧑🚀 #shorts
Astronaut training consists of three main phases: basic training, pre-assignment training and increment training.
On the 22nd April, our astronaut candidates will have completed their basic training.
They will receive their certification at our European Astronaut Centre in Cologne, Germany, officially becoming fully fledged astronauts eligible for spaceflight.
After their graduation, the astronauts will proceed to the next phases of pre-assignment and mission-specific training, where they’ll learn specific skills for their future missions to the International Space Station and beyond!
📸 ESA – European Space Agency
📹 ESA – European Space Agency#ESA #Training #Astronaut
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How do ESA’s astronauts prepare for space?
The European Space Agency (ESA) is currently training five astronaut candidates for future missions to the International Space Station and beyond. Their training programme consists of three phases: The first phase is basic training, which covers medical exams, fitness assessments, and space programmes and systems. The second phase, the pre-assignment training, is advanced training in specific areas such as systems training, vehicle training, robotics and EVA-training. The third phase is mission-specific training, which is tailored to the tasks and experiments that astronauts will perform during their mission. ESA’s astronaut training programme also includes training for exploration of the lunar surface, as astronauts will need to apply their skills and knowledge to new challenges in future space missions beyond Earth orbit.
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Best wishes to Webb from space
From one space flier to another, ESA astronaut Matthias Maurer shares a message of support for the James Webb Space Telescope (Webb) launch, from ESA’s Columbus science laboratory on the International Space Station.
Matthias is currently living and working in space for his first mission known as Cosmic Kiss. He describes the mission of Webb as part of humankind’s biggest adventure, as we explore the cosmos to understand our place within it.
Webb is the next great space science observatory following Hubble, designed to answer outstanding questions about the Universe and to make breakthrough discoveries in all fields of astronomy. It is an international partnership between the European Space Agency ESA, US space agency @NASA, and the @Canadian Space Agency, and will be launched on an Ariane 5 rocket from Europe’s Spaceport in French Guiana.
Webb is designed to see farther into our origins: from the formation of stars and planets to the birth of the first galaxies in the early Universe, just as the International Space Station enables us to learn more about our home planet.
Find out more about Webb in ESA’s launch kit: https://bit.ly/ESAWebbToolKit
Follow Matthias: https://bit.ly/ESACosmicKiss
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Workout in 360º | Cosmic Kiss
Explore the International Space Station’s Cupola module in 360 degrees while ESA astronaut Matthias Maurer lifts weights in weightlessness. This 360 timelapse video was shot over 53 minutes, at a rate one frame every two seconds, as Matthias completed a workout on the Advanced Resistive Exercise Device (ARED).
Pan to watch the world go by as the Station orbits Earth at around 28 000 km/h, then see how Matthias keeps his muscles and bones healthy for a safe return to Earth.
Exercise is an important part of an astronaut’s daily routine. It not only keeps them fit and ready for demanding tasks like a spacewalk, but it also helps to combat bone and muscle loss caused by a prolonged stay in orbit. ARED is one of several exercise devices astronauts use on Station. They also have a treadmill called T2 and an exercycle known as CEVIS.
Matthias was launched to the International Space Station on Crew Dragon Endurance as part of Crew-3 at 02:03 GMT/03:03 CET Thursday 11 November. His ESA mission on board is known as Cosmic Kiss and will see him live and work for approximately six months in orbit.
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Mission Alpha launch timelapse
A timelapse from various angles of the launch of @SpaceX Falcon 9 with Crew Dragon Endeavour leaving Earth from Kennedy Space Center in Florida, USA.
The rocket lifted off at 10:49 BST (11:49 CEST, 05:49 local time) on 23 April 2021 from Launchpad 39A in Cape Canaveral with ESA astronaut Thomas Pesquet, @NASA astronauts Megan McArthur and Shane Kimbrough, and @JAXA | 宇宙航空研究開発機構 astronaut Akihiko Hoshide.
On 24 April at 11:08 CEST the Crew-2 caught up with the International Space Station and docked with its Harmony module, marking the start of Thomas’ Alpha mission.Thomas is the first ESA astronaut to fly in space in a vehicle other than the Russian Soyuz or the US Space Shuttle, and the first ESA astronaut to leave Earth from Florida, USA, in over a decade. This is his second flight, his first mission called Proxima saw Thomas fly to the Space Station on a Soyuz from Baikonur in Kazakhstan and his expedition broke records for amount of hours spent on research at the time.
Follow Thomas: http://bit.ly/ThomasPesquetBlog
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Training to docking | Mission Alpha
Highlights of the launch and first day in space of ESA astronaut Thomas Pesquet on the Alpha mission.
On 24 April at 11:08 CEST the Crew Dragon spacecraft with ESA astronaut Thomas Pesquet, @NASA astronauts Megan McArthur and Shane Kimbrough, and @JAXA | 宇宙航空研究開発機構 astronaut Akihiko Hoshide docked with the International Space Station’s Node-2 Harmony module, marking the start of ESA’s six-month mission Alpha.
The crew spent around 23 hours orbiting Earth and catching up with the International Space Station after their launch on 23 April at 10:49 BST (11:49 CEST, 05:49 local time). The launch to docking went smoothly in Crew Dragon Endeavour.
Thomas is the first ESA astronaut to fly in space in a vehicle other than the Russian Soyuz or the US Space Shuttle, and the first ESA astronaut to leave Earth from Florida, USA, in over a decade. This is his second flight, his first mission called Proxima saw Thomas fly to the Space Station on a Soyuz from Baikonur in Kazakhstan and his expedition broke records for amount of hours spent on research at the time.
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Underwater spacewalk training with Thomas Pesquet
In preparation for his second mission to the International Space Station, ESA astronaut Thomas Pesquet is training for possible spacewalks at @NASA’s Johnson Space Center. His second six-month mission is called Alpha and will see Thomas launch as part Crew-2 on the @SpaceX Dragon spacecraft with NASA astronaut Megan Behnken and Shane Kimbrough and @JAXA | 宇宙航空研究開発機構 astronaut Aki Hoshide.
Watch this underwater spacewalk training session in 4K with audio from the astronauts and “mission control” recorded on 2 December 2020. Thomas is moved into position on a functional mockup of the International Space Station’s robotic arm to install hardware.
Astronauts practice spacewalks in NASA’s Neutral Buoyancy Laboratory. The training pool is the largest indoor swimming pool in the world, holding over 23 million litres of water, but it is still not large enough to hold the complete Space Station. Instead, specific parts of the Station structure are used as needed for training.
Training underwater is as close as it gets to experiencing weightlessness on Earth so spending time in a full spacesuit is used to practise techniques for spacewalks and neutral buoyancy is substituted for microgravity. Support and training divers are on hand to guide the astronauts during their tasks. In space, the astronauts are aided by mission control and colleague astronauts on the Station.
Extra Vehicular Activities (known as EVAs or spacewalks) are the most challenging tasks for an astronaut. When venturing from their spacecraft in a self-contained spacesuit to carry out repairs or install new equipment outside the International Space Station safety and efficiency are vital.
It might be relaxing and soothing to watch this underwater spacewalk at home, but spacewalks are marathons that require concentration and physical exertion for six hours at a time, with no food or bathroom breaks.
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Astronaut vlog: space food and fitness
ESA astronaut Matthias Maurer is preparing for his mission to the International Space Station, scheduled for launch in late 2021. This mission is known as Cosmic Kiss.
In this video log from his current training base at NASA’s Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas, USA, Matthias shows a space food tasting session and shares how astronauts maintain their fitness for a safe return to Earth.
Astronauts exercise for two hours a day, six days a week while on the International Space Station to combat muscle and bone loss caused by an extended stay in microgravity. Diet also plays an important role in maintaining physical and mental wellbeing.
Due to the current situation with COVID-19, all personnel are required to adhere to special safety precautions while training. These include wearing a mask – as seen in the clip.
Matthias will continue his training for Cosmic Kiss at partner agencies around the world over the next weeks and months. Stay tuned for further footage of his training and experiences.
You can watch the German version of this video here: https://youtu.be/Z4qfc71NpJk
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Matthias Maurer: training for a spacewalk
ESA astronaut Matthias Maurer has been training at @NASA’s Johnson Space Center in Houston, USA. In this video, he walks us through training for a spacewalk with NASA colleagues in the 12 m deep Neutral Buoyancy Facility (NBL).
Matthias travelled to Houston from Europe with fellow ESA astronaut Thomas Pesquet. Thomas has flown to the International Space Station before, while Matthias is training for his first Space Station mission. Mission dates are yet to be confirmed, but as the next two ESA astronauts in line for flights, the pair are working to ensure they fully trained and ready.
Due to the current situation with COVID-19, all personnel are required to adhere to special safety precautions while training. These include wearing a mask – as seen in the clip.
Matthias will continue his training in Houston over the next weeks and months. Stay tuned for further footage of his training and experiences.
Keep up with Matthias’ training: http://matthiasmaurer.esa.int/
This video is also available in:
– German: https://youtu.be/N-rtZKsusVc
– Spanish: https://youtu.be/fcAJ_cVKfTY★ Subscribe: http://bit.ly/ESAsubscribe and click twice on the bell button to receive our notifications.
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Astronaut training | Meet the experts
With around two and half hours set aside for exercise every day, skipping the gym is not an option for astronauts on the International Space Station. ESA’s team of astronaut trainers are responsible for developing specialised training programmes to prepare astronauts for spaceflight and combat the effects of microgravity on the body.Astronaut Fitness Expert, Dr. Nora Petersen, discusses training astronauts and how the programme may change for future missions to the Moon and Mars.
Learn more: http://bit.ly/ExpeditionHome12_18YearsOld
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Matthias Maurer: training at NASA’s Johnson Space Center
** English and German subtitles are available for this clip under settings, subtitles/CC. **
ESA astronaut Matthias Maurer travelled to Houston, USA for training at NASA’s Johnson Space Center. In this video he shares his first few weeks of refresher training, with a glimpse behind the scenes.
Matthias travelled to Houston, USA from Europe with fellow ESA astronaut Thomas Pesquet. Thomas has flown to the International Space Station before, while Matthias is training for his first Space Station mission. Mission dates are yet to be confirmed, but as the next two ESA astronauts in line for flights, the pair are working to ensure they fully trained and ready.
Due to the current situation with COVID-19, all personnel are required to adhere to special safety precautions while training. These include wearing a mask – as seen in the clip.
Matthias will continue his training in Houston over the next weeks and months. Stay tuned for further footage of his training and experiences.
Keep up with Matthias’ training: http://matthiasmaurer.esa.int/
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How to cope during social distancing with Thomas Pesquet
ESA astronaut Thomas Pesquet gives us some advice on what to do during a period of social distancing like the one many of us have to endure during the COVID-19 outbreak.
* Turn CC on for English or French captions *
Credits: ESA/T. Pesquet
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Why CAVES – Astrobiology
NASA’s director of Astrobiology Institue, Penelope Boston, explains why caves are interesting to astrobiologists.
Caves are little studied areas and can resemble environments found on other planets. Caves exist on the Moon and Mars and could be used by astronauts for shelter when we explore our Solar System
Recorded during a workshop on astrobiology and caves in Sardinia, Italy in 2015.
ESA’s CAVES course – Cooperative Adventure for Valuing and Exercising human behaviour and performance Skills – is a two-week course that prepares astronauts to work safely and effectively in multicultural teams in an environment where safety is critical – in caves.
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Fit for space – Soyuz training
In the first episode of our ‘Fit for space’ training series, ESA astronauts Samantha Cristoforetti and Luca Parmitano share how crewmembers prepare for their journey to the International Space Station in the Russian Soyuz spacecraft.
Training for the critical moments of Soyuz spaceflight – launch, ascent, docking and landing – take place at Roscosmos’ Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Centre (GCTC) in Star City, Russia. Here, astronauts use sophisticated Soyuz simulators to practice procedures and respond to emergency situations.
The Soyuz simulators at GCTC are designed to act and be operated in exactly the same way as the spacecraft itself. Astronauts must demonstrate their proficiency in manually controlling the Soyuz to prepare for the unlikely event that automated and ground-based operations fail.
They also prepare for emergency events that could occur onboard the International Space Station itself.
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Preparing for the Beyond mission
On 20 July 2019, our astronaut Luca Parmitano will be launched to the International Space Station from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan.
He will fly to the Station alongside Russian Cosmonaut Alexander Skvortsov and US Astronaut Andrew Morgan in a Russian Soyuz MS-13 spacecraft.
Named ‘Beyond’, this is Luca’s second space mission since joining our Astronaut Corps in 2009.
Follow Luca’s Beyond Mission: http://bit.ly/ESALucaParmitano
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Pangaea – geology training for space exploration
ESA’s Pangaea training course prepares astronauts and space engineers to identify planetary geological features during future missions to the Moon, Mars and asteroids.
The Pangaea campaign – named after the ancient supercontinent – provides the crew with introductory and practical knowledge to find interesting rock samples and assess the most likely places to find traces of life on other planets. Leading European planetary geologists share their insights into the geology of the Solar System.
Theoretical work is followed by field trips to the Ries impact crater in Germany, the sedimentary environment of Geopark Bletterbach in the Italian Dolomites and the volcanic landscapes of the Geopark of Lanzarote, Spain.
Pangaea is the first step in preparing European astronauts to become planetary explorers on missions to other planets, allowing them to effectively communicate with science advisors on Earth.
Through Pangaea, Europe is also developing operational concepts for surface missions where astronauts and robots work together, among themselves and with scientists and engineers on Earth, using the best field geology and planetary observation techniques.
More about Pangaea: http://bit.ly/ESACaves
Pangaea blog: http://bit.ly/PangaeaBlog
Credits: Film director, video shooting and editing: Sirio Sechi
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New training for ESA astronauts
In Bonn, Germany, two ESA astronauts recently went through a brand new training programme which could be very useful in case of no contact with the ground or when communication might be delayed.
Samantha Cristoferetti and Matthias Maurer were taught basic mechanical, electronic, electrical and pneumatic skills and how to use these skills to troubleshoot their equipment in space.
This new training, commissioned by ESA, has been developed by the Dr. Reinold-Hagen Foundation and by Space Application Services.
More about astronaut training:
http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Human_Spaceflight/Astronauts/The_challenges_of_astronaut_training -
Alexander Gerst training for his second ISS mission
In 2018, ESA astronaut Alexander Gerst from Germany will be travelling to the International Space Station for the second time. During this long-duration spaceflight – which is called the Horizons mission – he will have the role of Space Station commander. Alexander is currently in training at NASA’s Johnson Space Centre in Houston, Texas.
Connect with Alexander: http://alexandergerst.esa.int
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ESA astronauts spacewalk training
Matthias Maurer, ESA’s newest astronaut, has been training with Tim Peake at the Johnson Space Centre in Houston, Texas. During practical and theory classes they’ve learned skills necessary to perform a spacewalk, also known as EVA, or Extra Vehicular Activity – much of which is already familiar to Tim, who worked outside the Station in January 2016. They also spent time in the Neutral Buoyancy Lab, a pool housing replica International Space Station modules which allows astronauts to experience near weightless conditions.
Connect with ESA’s Astronaut Corps:
http://www.esa.int/astronauts -
ESA astronauts training in Houston
Four ESA astronauts have recently been training at NASA’s Johnson Space Centre (JSC) in Houston, Texas. For ESA’s newest astronaut Matthias Maurer, it was a chance to inspect a mock-up of NASA’s future space vehicle Orion alongside Tim Peake and Luca Parmitano, both experienced astronauts. Tim and Matthias have undergone spacewalk training in the neutral buoyancy pool. Alexander Gerst is also at JSC, training for his 2018 long-duration mission to the ISS.
Connect with the astronauts: http://www.esa.int/astronauts
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Thomas Pesquet – EVA preparations
Thomas Pesquet from France has been onboard the International space Station since 19 November 2016. He is about to take part in his first Extra-Vehicular Activity (EVA, or spacewalk), performing maintenance outside the Space Station to upgrade its batteries to newer lithium-ion versions. Intensive preparations for this procedure took place in the months leading up to launch, with classroom sessions at NASA’s Johnson Space Centre in conjunction with underwater training in NASA’s Neutral Buoyancy Lab.
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ESA astronauts training for ISS mission
Thomas Pesquet from France will shortly become the last member of ESA’s 2009 astronaut class to fly to the International Space Station.
He is scheduled to fly next November for a six-month stay in orbit, during which time he’ll carry out maintenance activities and a packed schedule of experiments.
He has been training at NASA’s Johnson Space Centre in Houston, Texas, alongside veteran ESA astronaut Paolo Nespoli from Italy, who will be going to the ISS for the third time after Thomas’s return to Earth.
This video shows new images of Thomas and Paolo training at Johnson Space Center in Houston, USA.
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CAVES 2016: The visible face
Scenes from training of six astronauts who will spend six nights underground in a cave in Sardinia, Italy. After a week of training, the astronauts descend into the caves to set up basecamp 800 m underground.
One of the last unexplored environments on our planet, caves offer parallels to exploring space. ESA’s underground training course “Cooperative Adventure for Valuing and Exercising human behaviour and performance Skills” – CAVES – prepares astronauts over two weeks to work safely and effectively in multicultural teams.
This year’s participants are an even more international team than ever, including ESA’s Pedro Duque, NASA’s Jessica Meir and Richard Arnold, Japan’s astronaut Aki Hoshide, China’s Ye Guangfu and Russia’s Sergei Korsakov.
The similarities between caving and spaceflight are highlighted throughout the course. Speleologists and astronauts adopt the ‘buddy system’, and both astronaut trainers and CAVES instructors repeat the same mantras of “slow is fast,” “check your gear, and then trust it,” and “always be aware of where you are and where your buddy is”.
Follow the underground adventure on Twitter with @ESA_Caves, and on the CAVES blog: http://blogs.esa.int/caves/.
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Tim Peake bio and training
Tim Peake is the first British astronaut to be selected as a member of ESA’s European Astronaut Corps. With a background in flight dynamics, he served in the British Air Corps as flight commander, helicopter instructor and test pilot.
Scheduled to fly to the ISS in late 2015, he’ll be staying in orbit for five months. He also has close ties with the UK Space Agency, working on the development of its microgravity research programme.
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Andreas Mogensen bio & training
The fourth of ESA’s ‘Class of 2009’ astronauts to fly, Andreas Mogensen from Denmark will soon undertake a ten day mission to the International Space Station. With a background in aerospace engineering, he has spent the last six years training with the Station’s international partners for his inaugural spaceflight, taking part in a wide variety of activities to prepare him for the mission.
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Samantha Cristoforetti, ESA astronaut training in Houston
Samantha Cristoforetti from Italy joined ESA’s Astronaut Corps in 2009. An experienced fighter pilot and Captain in the Italian Air Force, she’s been proposed by the Italian Space Agency ASI to fly to the International Space Station later this year. After extensive international training she’ll be launched from Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan, becoming the eighth ESA astronaut to participate in a long-duration mission onboard the ISS.
Connect with Samantha on social media at http://samanthacristoforetti.esa.int
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ESA astronauts training in Japan
ESA astronauts have to train with all International Space Station partners: we often see images of them training at Star City in Russia or in Houston, in the US, but they also have to go to Japan during the preparations for their mission.
ESA astronauts Alexander Gerst and Samantha Cristoforetti were recently in Tsukuba, at the Japanese Aerospace Exploration Centre.
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Soyuz Simulator
Learning to fly the Soyuz with ESA astronauts Andreas Mogensen and Thomas Pesquet in the Soyuz simulator at Star City, near Moscow. Latest installment from Andreas’ video diary during his training for a mission to the International Space Station in 2015.
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Caves 2013: Discovery
Members of the CAVES 2013 crew talk about exploring inside the Sa Grutta cave – comparing their experience to arriving on the surface of a planet like Mars, where you don’t quite know what to expect.
CAVES, ESA’s unique training programme for astronauts, takes place over a couple of weeks in Sardinia’s Supramonte. Six astronauts spend two weeks deep in caves, in the dark and cold. They are separated from the outside world, doing scientific research and daily tasks together, as a group, just like in space. Moving in the cave system is also comparable to spacewalking with the use of harnesses and safety devices.
Read more about CAVES on our dedicated website (esa.int/caves) and read more about the CAVES 2013 campaign in the blog (blogs.esa.int/CAVES2013)
ESA–V. Crobu & S. Sechi
(Italian subtitles also available)
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The Soyuz launch sequence explained
What are the parts of the Soyuz rocket? What are the stages into orbit? What is the launch sequence? Watch and find out. This video has been produced from an actual lesson delivered to the ESA astronaut class of 2009 (also known as the #Shenanigans09) during their ESA Basic Training in 2009-2010
This video is a joint production of the ESA Human Spaceflight & Operation Astronaut Training Division & Promotion Office
Note: Subtitles are available for English, Italian, Russian and German. Click on the caption button to choose.
Technical Experts: Stephane Ghiste, Dmitriy Churkin
Content Design: Stephane Ghiste, Dmitriy Churkin, Pascal Renten, Simon Trim, Matthew Day
Video Production & Editing: Pascal Renten, Simon Trim, Andrea Conigli
Narration Voice: Bernard Oattes
Project Co-ordination: Loredana Bessone, Matthew DaySpecial Thanks to:
Massimo Sabbatini, Guillaume Weerts ESA Human Spaceflight & Operation Promotion Office
Martin Schweiger (for use of his Orbiter software: http://orbit.medphys.ucl.ac.uk)
Nikita Vtyurin, Andrew Thielmann (Orbiter Soyuz model)
Iacopo Baroncini (Soyuz model)
Joey P. Wade (Google Earth Soyuz models)
NASA
ROSCOSMOSWatch Part 2: Soyuz rendezvous and docking explained
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M2_NeFbFcSwWatch Part 3: Soyuz undocking, reentry and landing explained
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-l7MM9yoxII